正祖 御定‧命撰書의 간행과 국가적 역량의 효과적 활용 (The Publication of Books Compiled by King Jeongjo and the Effective Use of National Capabilities)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 藏書閣 / 45호 / 96 ~ 133페이지
· 저자명 : 권기석

초록

정조는 재위 기간 중 방대한 편찬사업을 이끌어가면서 저술과 교정, 그리고 頒賜까지 작업의 전 과정을 직접 관여하며 전국적 규모의 간행 역량을 효과적으로 활용하고자 했다. 『群書標記』에 수록된 御定·命撰書를 주제별로 분류하여 간행 방식 선택의 추이를 살펴보았는데, 광범위한 활용성과 장기 전승의 목적성이 큰 분야일수록 刊本의 비중이 컸고, 그러한 분야로 법제·사법, 의례, 문학, 문집·유사·실기, 병학·무예 등이 있었다. 보급의 수요가 커질수록, 활자보다는 목판을 선택하였고, 수요가 매우 큰 경우 양자를 병행하기도 하였다.
어정명찬서의 독자층을 분석해 본 결과, 왕실, 관원, 民人을 대상으로 한 경우 간본의 비중이 높았고, 일부 실무 관료에게 집중적으로 보급할 전문서도 다수 간본으로 나온 것이 확인된다. 지방의 민인에게까지 광범위하게 보급하고자 한 서적은 활자본과 번각 목판본이 병행되었다.
어정명찬서는 중앙정부에서 저술되었으나, 간행처를 분석해 보면 인출과 보급은 중앙과 지방의 협업에 의해 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. 지방의 간행 분담은 기본적으로 널리 보급하기 위한 목적이었으나, 중앙의 수요를 분담하거나 해당 지역에 板木을 배치하여 오래 보존하려는 의도도 있었다. 일부 전문서적이나 병서를 관련 관청이나 군영에서 인출을 담당하도록 하여, 간행처와 활용처를 일치시키고 효과적 서적 보급을 기대하기도 하였다.

영어초록

During his reign, King Jeongjo led a massive compilation project, taking care of the entire process of writing, proofreading, and distribution of the published works. Among them, not only central government offices such as Gyujanggak (奎章閣) and Gyoseogwan (校書館), but also local administrative offices including Gamyeong (監營) were responsible for the publication of books and their nationwide distribution. In this paper, I categorized by subject Eojeongseo (御定書) and Myeongchanseo (命撰書), the works compiled by Jeongjo, recorded in Gunseo Pyogi (群書標記) and then investigated into various publication methods used by them. As a result, even within the same subject classification, different publication methods were used depending on the characteristics of the individual books. The wider the use of books and the greater the need for long-term transmission, the more likely they were to choose printing rather than transcribing. The major areas of publication were legislation, justice, ceremonies, literature, literary collection, biographies, and military science. As the demand for book distribution grew, woodblock was preferred than movable type as a means of printing, and when demand for book publication was very high, both moveable type and woodblock were used.
As for the readership of Eojeongseo and Myeongchanseo, they can be categorized into four: royal families, government officials, private Confucian scholars, and the common people. The printed version was produced mainly for the royal family, government officials, and the people. Meanwhile, there are many printed copies of books targeted for private Confucian scholars, not limited to bureaucrats, so we can confirm that King Jeongjo's intention of publication was to train people of letters. A number of specialized books were also printed, which were mainly for working-level officials. Books to be widely distributed to local people were often first published in moveable type and then reprinted using woodblock.
Since Eojeongseo and Myeongchanseo were compiled by the king, the central government was in charge of writing and editing these works. However, investigation into the place of publication found that the publishing process was done in collaboration between the central and local governments. The division of printing to local government offices was basically aimed at making books widely available to the mass, but it was also intended to preserve woodblocks for a long time in each province. Meanwhile, some technical books were produced and printed by related government offices. This practice was intended to effectively match supply with demand for such works.

참고자료

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