1123년 徐兢의 고려 항로와 慶源亭 (Seo Geung’s Seaway to Goryeo and Gyeongwonjeong in 1123)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국중세사연구 / 28호 / 485 ~ 519페이지
· 저자명 : 문경호

초록

『선화봉사고려도경』은 12세기 무렵의 해상 교통로를 연구하는데 있어 매우 중요한 자료이다. 이에 본고에서는 서긍의 기록을 따라 마도 안흥정으로부터 자연도 경원정에 이르는 서해 연안 해로를 추적하고, 자연도 경원정과 제물사가 있었던 곳의 위치와 변천을 살피고자 하였다.
1123년에 고려를 방문한 서긍 일행은 정해현 명주를 떠나 흑산도에 도착한 이래 군산도 군산정과 마도 안흥정, 자연도 경원정에서 환영의식을 받고 음식을 제공받았다. 본고에서는 안흥정 이후 서긍 일행의 사행로가 마도→ 팔봉산(구두산)을 바라보며 북상→ 풍도(대청서)→ 영흥도(화상도)․선재도(우심서)→ 팔미도(섭공서)→ 월미도(소청서)→ 영종도(자연도)로 이어진 것으로 비정하였다.
고려시대 자연도는 지금의 영종도였으며, 경원정은 「광여도」 등에 ‘古紫燕縣基’라고 기록된 백운산 아래에 있었을 가능성이 매우 크다. 경원정과 가까이 있었다는 제물사 역시 백운산 기슭에 있었던 것으로 추정된다. 하지만 경원정과 제물사는 고려말 왜구의 약탈과 침입을 피하지 못했던 것으로 보인다.
조선시대의 조운로가 고려시대의 조운로를 그대로 계승한 것으로 인정되고 있는 만큼 조선시대의 조운로를 기본으로 하고, 고려도경에 기록된 중간 항표의 위치, 지명으로 남은 교통로의 흔적 등을 참고하면 서긍 일행의 항로 즉 고려시대의 서해 교통로를 복원하는 일이 가능하리라 생각된다.

영어초록

Two purposes of this thesis are to find a sailing route from Anheungjeongin Mado(Island) to Gyeongwonjeong in Jayeondo(Island) along the west coast in Goryeo and to locate Gyeongwonjeong in Jayeondo(Island) and Jemulsa. The study is mainly based on the seaway for envoys in Goryeodogyeong written by Seo Geung.
When Seo Geung and his party visited Goryeo, they left Myeonju in Jeonghaehyeon and arrived in Heuksando(Island). And they were given receptions and food at Gunsanjeon in Gunsando, Anheungjeong in Mado and Gyeongwonjeong in Jayeondo. But Gunsanjeon, Anheungjeong and Gyeongwonjeong were not the places for stay like gaekgwan but for reception. Therefore, in this thesis, the word jeongwan(亭館) is used to refer both gaekgwan(客館) and jeong(亭).
Two hours later after leaving Anheungjeong in Mado, they sailed to the north facing Dangindo and Gudusan(Palbong Mountain). And then they arrived at Gyeongwonjeong in Jayeondo via Daecheongseo(Pung Island), Hwasangdo(Yeongheung Island), Wusimseo(Seonjae Island), Seopgongseo(Palmi Island), Socheongseo(Wolmi Island).
Jayeondo has been thought Daebudo(Island) or Soenjaedo(Island). But, considering several archives, it is now Yeongjongdo. However, Jayeondo, at that time, was the left big island separated from the right small island.
It has been thought that Gyeongwonjeong was located in the small island which was on the left of Weolmido or Yeongjongdo. But, in my opinion, it was placed at the foot of Baekunsan(Mountain) which was written ‘古紫燕縣基’ in an old map. That is why Jayeondo was a main island which was on the west of Gueup before Yeongjongjin was build in Joseondo. Jemulsa near to Gyeongwonjeong was at the foot of Baekunsan and it seems clear that it was placed around now Yonggungsa(Temple), considering its place and history. But Gyeongwonjeong and Jemulsa were destroyed by fire due to attacks of Japanese pirates.
Marine transportation road in Joseon was based on that of Goryeo, and some transportation routes are remained as place names. Several sailing signs are written in Goryeodogyeong. That’s why it is possible to restore the sailing route along the west coast which was used by Seo Geung.

참고자료

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