14세기 전반 원의 정국동향과 고려의 정치도감 (The Political Development in Yuan Dynasty and Jungchidogam(整治都監) in Goryeo Dynasty in the first half 14th-century)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국중세사연구 / 26호 / 191 ~ 231페이지
· 저자명 : 신은제

초록

At this article, I am purposed to find out the causes of the establishment and abolition of Jungchidogam(整治都監) which was established in 1347. After King Choonghae was kidnapped to Yuan and passed away there, Yuan(元) Dynasty could control Goryeo more strongly than before. At that time, there were the struggle for power between Tuotuo(脫脫) and Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) in Yuan Dynasty. Both had the relationship with Korean who lived in Beijing(大都), Tuotuo(脫脫) was the close relation of the Empress Qi(奇) form Goryeo, while Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) supported Golongbo(高龍普) who was a eunuch from Goryeo.
In 1347, when Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) expelled Tuotuo(脫脫) from the political power, Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) and Golongbo(高龍普) let Kim, young-dun establish Jungchidogam(整治都監) in Goryeo Dynasty in order to correct the wrong policy of King Choonghae. However, they had the other reason to establish Jungchidogam(整治都監). They wanted to attack their enemy, the Empress Qi(奇)’s family like Ki, Chel(奇轍) by Jungchidogam(整治都監), because the Empress Qi(奇) supported the Tuotuo(脫脫) who was their enemy in the Yuan’s Royal court. But, some officials beat and killed Ki, Sam-man(奇三萬) who was a relative of the Empress Qi(奇), for Ki, Sam-man(奇三萬) robed peasants of the estate. Thus they had to receive the penalty in reason to kill the family of the Empress.
The Empress Qi(奇) tried to interrupt the reforms of Jungchidogam(整治都監), and she broadly helped Tuotuo(脫脫) to come to power again. Finally Tuotuo(脫脫) seized power in the Yuan’s Royal court, Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) and Golongbo(高龍普) were kicked off from the power. Under this political development, Jungchidogam(整治都監) couldn’t continue to reform the faulty policy in Goryeo society. In addition, The officials of Jungchidogam(整治都監) faced the strong opposition, which rejected any reforms, especially reforms of the estate and personnel administration.
In conclusion, Jungchidogam(整治都監) failed to reform Goryeo society. There are two factors in failure in Jungchidogam(整治都監). One is the political development at Yuan Dynasty, after Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) who supported Jungchidogam(整治都監) was deprived of his power, Jungchidogam(整治都監) lost the power to reform faulty policy in Goryeo society. They didn’t seize power to protect the reforms from the enemy, owners of farm, men in power. The other is the opposition of the Goryeo’s aristocracy to the reforms, there were a lot of men against the Jungchidogam(整治都監)’s reforms, like Kang, Yun-Chong. As soon as the supporters to the Jungchidogam(整治都監) like Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) was removed from the power, opponents of Jungchidogam(整治都監)’s reforms easily defeated it’s challenge.

영어초록

At this article, I am purposed to find out the causes of the establishment and abolition of Jungchidogam(整治都監) which was established in 1347. After King Choonghae was kidnapped to Yuan and passed away there, Yuan(元) Dynasty could control Goryeo more strongly than before. At that time, there were the struggle for power between Tuotuo(脫脫) and Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) in Yuan Dynasty. Both had the relationship with Korean who lived in Beijing(大都), Tuotuo(脫脫) was the close relation of the Empress Qi(奇) form Goryeo, while Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) supported Golongbo(高龍普) who was a eunuch from Goryeo.
In 1347, when Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) expelled Tuotuo(脫脫) from the political power, Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) and Golongbo(高龍普) let Kim, young-dun establish Jungchidogam(整治都監) in Goryeo Dynasty in order to correct the wrong policy of King Choonghae. However, they had the other reason to establish Jungchidogam(整治都監). They wanted to attack their enemy, the Empress Qi(奇)’s family like Ki, Chel(奇轍) by Jungchidogam(整治都監), because the Empress Qi(奇) supported the Tuotuo(脫脫) who was their enemy in the Yuan’s Royal court. But, some officials beat and killed Ki, Sam-man(奇三萬) who was a relative of the Empress Qi(奇), for Ki, Sam-man(奇三萬) robed peasants of the estate. Thus they had to receive the penalty in reason to kill the family of the Empress.
The Empress Qi(奇) tried to interrupt the reforms of Jungchidogam(整治都監), and she broadly helped Tuotuo(脫脫) to come to power again. Finally Tuotuo(脫脫) seized power in the Yuan’s Royal court, Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) and Golongbo(高龍普) were kicked off from the power. Under this political development, Jungchidogam(整治都監) couldn’t continue to reform the faulty policy in Goryeo society. In addition, The officials of Jungchidogam(整治都監) faced the strong opposition, which rejected any reforms, especially reforms of the estate and personnel administration.
In conclusion, Jungchidogam(整治都監) failed to reform Goryeo society. There are two factors in failure in Jungchidogam(整治都監). One is the political development at Yuan Dynasty, after Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) who supported Jungchidogam(整治都監) was deprived of his power, Jungchidogam(整治都監) lost the power to reform faulty policy in Goryeo society. They didn’t seize power to protect the reforms from the enemy, owners of farm, men in power. The other is the opposition of the Goryeo’s aristocracy to the reforms, there were a lot of men against the Jungchidogam(整治都監)’s reforms, like Kang, Yun-Chong. As soon as the supporters to the Jungchidogam(整治都監) like Bierkebuka(別兒怯不花) was removed from the power, opponents of Jungchidogam(整治都監)’s reforms easily defeated it’s challenge.

참고자료

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