圃隱 鄭夢周의 佛敎認識 (Perspectives On Buddhism OfChung Mong-Joo)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국불교학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국불교학 / 52호 / 93 ~ 116페이지
· 저자명 : 진성규

초록

圃隱 鄭夢周는 지금까지 東方理學의 祖로 불려진 인물이다. 고려말기 스러져가는 왕조를 붙잡고 혼신의 힘을 다했던 충절의 인물로도 세인들에게 각인되고 있다. 그의 학문적 본령이 性理學인 것도 틀림없는 사실이다.
포은의 학문이 四書 三經을 바탕으로 형성되었지만, 수양을 바탕으로 한 내면의 세계는 山寺에서 이루어지고 있다. 포은에게 있어서 사찰은 浩然之氣를 펼 수 있는 공간이며, 시름을 잊을 수 있는 공간이기도 하였다. 산사에서 승려와 만나 불교교리를 공부하고 질문하면서 성리학과의 차이를 비교할 수 있었다. 즉 불교는 유교와 그 논리가 엇비슷한 데가 많지만 불교의 논리로는 萬事에 응대할 수 없고, 精義를 궁구할 수 없다고 판단하였다. 그러나 그 논리 구조에 대한 철저한 비판과 해석도 없다.
圃隱의 佛敎에 대한 인식은 『華嚴經』·『法華經』·『楞嚴經』 등의 경전에도 나타나고 있다. 周易의 艮卦를 읽는 것이 『華嚴經』을 읽는 것보다 좋다고 한 점은 程伊川의 말을 인용한 것이기는 하지만, 어찌되었던 화엄의 논리를 이해하고 난 후의 평가였다. 『法華經』과 『楞嚴經』에도 이해가 깊었던 것으로도 보인다. 특히 『楞嚴經』에 빠져있었다는 세간의 소문 때문에 정도전으로부터 충고를 받고 있는 사실은 유명한 이야기다. 그러나 포은의 불교경전에 대한 이해의 깊이가 어는 정도인지는 정확히 알기 어렵다.
포은의 불교인식은 해박한 성리학을 바탕으로 불교의 외양을 비판하면서도, 불교분위기 속에서 수양과 사색을 견지하고 있는 모습을 보이고 있다.

영어초록

Poeun(圃隱=鄭夢周) is thought clearheaded person when considers he win the first place in the state examination in the way of self-education without teacher. His scholastic basis was the Confucianism scriptures including the Four Books and the Three Classics, and his scholastic characteristic was the doctrines of Chu-tz. It was a good choice that selected the doctrines of Chu-tz, the reformative ideology for his study in the age of Buddhism’s philosophic slow decline. And as a result, he became the father of Korean Confucianism.
But, because of in the symmetrical period of Confucianism and uddhism, he did severe ethical criticism to the evil of Buddhism, but did not criticize in the doctrine which is basic of Buddhism. A mountain temple was the place for improve his mind, for studying, for enliven his spirits and for forget his cares to Poeun. Once, he had met the Buddhist monk for studying Buddhism doctrine and compare Buddhism with the doctrines of Chu-tz. And his conclusion was that Buddhism and Confucianism has some similar logic, but it will not be able to confront everything and make an exhaustive study of the exact meaning by the Buddhism’ logic. but that conclusion had not the exhaustive logic.
In opposition, he was generous to Buddhism. And that reason, he had some extent of understanding about the Buddhism scriptures including the Avatamska Sutra(華嚴經), the Sutra of the Lotus(法華經), and the Shurangama Sutra(楞嚴經). He said, “Reading the trigram of the Book of Changes(周易) is better than reading the Avatamska Sutra.”. This words was a quotation from words of Cheng Yi(程頤), but if Poeun didn’t know about Avatamska Sutra’s logic, he can’t said like that. The Sutra of the Lotus was regarded as basic Buddhiam scripture in the period of Goryeo dynasty, and the Shurangama Sutra was recited by many people of Goryeo Buddhist because it was the scripture of Chan Zong(禪宗). Probably, his understanding about the Shurangama Sutra was fairly good. Because, there was a rumor that Poeun was immersed in the Shurangama Sutra, too.
Poeun’s understanding about Buddhism has two sides. One side, he criticized to appearance of Buddhism. And the other side, he has improved his mind and thinking in a Buddhism atmosphere. Sometimes, he reached level of contemplate cosmos at the boundary of self-effacement(物我一如), but this phenomenon was not observed in Buddhism boundary only. In the doctrines of Chu-tz, he expressed practical morality in real life, but somtimes Buddhism boundary became a refuge of him, who has busy spirit, annoyed in the real world that so hard.

참고자료

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