高句麗 王陵 硏究의 現段階와 問題點 (The current problems of the Goguryeo royal tombs´)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고구려발해학회
· 수록지 정보 : 고구려발해연구 / 34권 / 131 ~ 157페이지
· 저자명 : 이도학

초록

고구려 왕릉이 왕 생전에 조성되었는지 여부는 干支가 있는 銘文瓦를 통해 유추하고자 했다. 그런데 지금까지의 연구를 통해 고구려 왕릉은 왕 생전에 조성되었다는 壽陵說은 타당성이 거의 희박해졌다. 그럼에 따라 干支가 있는 기와를 통해 왕릉의 조성 연대를 측정하려는 시도는 효용성을 상실했다. 태왕릉 부근에서 출토된‘好大王’이라는 명문이 있는 銅鈴은 書體上으로도 의문점과 석연찮은 점이 많은 관계로 태왕릉에 묻힌 인물을 밝힐 수 있는 실마리로 삼는 것은 어렵다고 보았다. 고구려 왕릉의 葬地와 관련해 주몽왕의 장지는 존재하지 않는다는 사실을 재확인했다. 그리고『삼국사기』에서 압록강은 22회나 거론되었지만 國川은 단 한 차례로 게재되지 않았다. 이는 國川이 압록강이 될 수 없음을 반증한다. 國川은 압록강의 지류에 불과했음을 밝혔다.
미천왕릉은 前燕의 盜掘로 인해 다시 무덤을 조성했다는 說이 통설이 되었다. 그러나 미천왕릉은 비록 도굴되었지만 파괴되지 않은 관계로 다시 무덤을 조성할 事由가 발생하지 않았음을 구명하였다. 따라서 서대묘를 도굴된 미천왕릉으로 지목하는 견해 등은 타당성을 잃었다. 한편 國都의 범칭으로 사용된 故國原즉‘國原’이 西川原을 포괄하는 넓은 지역의 뜻으로 사용되었음을 구명했다. 따라서“서천왕릉의 위치가 고국원에 있다”는 고국원=서천원 주장은 성립하기 어렵다. 그 밖에 고국원왕릉=우산하 992호분과 우산하 0540호분 說을 검토하였다. 이러한 2기의 고분은 중국에서 고구려 왕릉으로 비정한 바 있다. 그러나 이들 고분 가운데는 언덕에 자리잡았다는‘國岡’이라는 입지 조건과 부합되지 않을 뿐더러 규모나 부속 시설에서 미비한 곳이 보였다. 따라서 앞의 2기의 고분은 왕릉일 가능성은 낮다고 본다. 마지막으로 傳東明王陵을 실제 무덤이 아닌 정치적 의도에서 조성된 상징물이라는 주장의 맹점을 지적하였다. 요컨대 지금까지의 작업을 통해 고구려 왕릉 연구의 현 단계를 검증해 보았다.

영어초록

The roof tiles in which the sexagenary cycle is written were used as a method to analyze whether the kings’tombs of Goguryeo had been built while the kings were alive. However, the results of the research done so far, have demonstrated that the validity of the opinion that Goguryeo kings’tombs were established during the kings’ lifetime was hardly feasible. Accordingly, the attempts to figure out the construction periods of those kings’tombs through the tiles have lost their theoretical utility. It seems to be questionable that the Dongryeong (銅鈴: bronze bell) with the inscription of King Hodae (好大王), which was excavated near the site of Taewangneung (King Tae’s tomb), can be used as a clue to identify the person buried in Taewangneung because it
has many doubtful points and uncertainties including its penmanship style. With respect to the burial grounds of Goguryeo kings’tombs, the fact that the burial place of King Jumong does not exist has been confirmed again. And, Yalu river was mentioned as many as 22 times in『 Samguksagi (the chronicles of the Three Kingdoms)』, while not a single time was done about Gukcheon (國川: a river) by the same book. This is the contrary evidence that Gukcheon cannot be Yalu river. It has been revealed that Gukcheon was a branch stream of Yalu river.
The prevailing theory was that Micheonwangneung (King Micheon’s tomb) was reestablished because it had been looted by Jeonyeon (前燕: one of Chinese ancient kingdoms). But, it was verified that although the tomb had been looted, it was not completely destroyed, so there was no reason to reconstruct the tomb. Therefore, the view to regard Seodaemyo (a tomb) as the looted Micheonwangneung has lost its validity. On the other hand, in this study, I researched that Hogukwon (故國原: a local area) was used as a general title of Gukdo (國都: the capital of a country). In other words, Gukwon (國原: a local area) was used as a term that covered an wide area including Seocheonwon (西川原: a local area). It is, therefore, hard to believe such
assertion as ‘Gogukwon = Seocheonwon’meaning “Seocheonwangneung (King Seocheon’s tomb) is located in Gogukwon”. In addition, I looked into the argument: ‘Gogukwonwangneung (King Gogukwon’s tomb) = Usanha Tomb No. 992 and No.0540’. These two tombs were determined by China as Goguryeo kings’tombs. However, some of elements of these tombs are not involved in the location condition of ‘Gukgang (國岡: a local area)’that indicated that they were located on a hill. Furthermore, their overall scale and attached facilities were insufficient as kings’tombs. Given these facts, such 2 tombs are unlikely to be kings’tombs. In this study, finally, I pointed out the blind point of the argument that Jeon Dongmyeongwangneung (傳東明王陵: King Dongmyeong’s tomb) was not a real tomb but a symbolic structure which
had been constructed with a political intention. In conclusion, it can be said that this study has verified the current state of researches on Goguryeo kings’tombs through above-mentioned works.

참고자료

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