부활절 봉기와 조이스—「키클롭스」장을 중심으로 (Joyce’s View of Easter Rising in the “Cyclops” Episode)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국제임스조이스학회
· 수록지 정보 : 제임스조이스저널 / 15권 / 2호 / 75 ~ 92페이지
· 저자명 : 민태운

초록

Joyce remained silent on the subject of Easter Rising, while he was composing Ulysses. Yet Ulysses does inevitably reflect the era and circumstances of its making. This article examines how the “Cyclops” episode echoes the Irish Rebellion of 1916. Joyce rejected the cultural nationalism and Gaelic revivalism in his essays and works. The “Cyclops” episode in particular parodies the Revivalism, and it is very important to know that the Revivalism is closely related with the Rising; for most of 1916 leaders had been members of the Gaelic League in their youth and many of those who fought against the British at that time were recruited from the Gaelic Athletic Association.
The citizen, modeled on the founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association, is probably a member of Gaelic League. Also, it is interesting to see that from his girdle hangs a row of seastones on which are graven the images of Irish heroes; the first of them is the image of Cuchulin. This is significant, for the result of Revival was the emergence of Cuchulin cult. The image of Cuchulin shedding his life’s blood in the defence of his people did much to inspire the blood-sacrifice doctrine of the 1916 leaders. The Cuchulin cult mingled with and strengthened the Wolfe Tone—Robert Emmet—Young Ireland—Fenian physical force tradition. The leaders of the Easter Rising are the political descendants of these hero-martyrs and the citizen also belongs to this tradition, as we can see in his emphasis on “force against force” and the spirit of blood-sacrifice.
Further, Kilmainham jail where Emmet was hanged is exactly the same place where the leaders of 1916 Rebellion were executed. Finally, the description of the earthquake that accompanies the throwing of the biscuit-tin strongly suggests the vision of Dublin after the Rising. It is true that Joyce did not articulate his view of the Rising, but Joyce’s parody of Revivalism and his unfavourable view of Emmet and the citizen in the Cyclops episode suggest that he was not in sympathy with the methods adopted by the leaders of the Rebellion.

영어초록

Joyce remained silent on the subject of Easter Rising, while he was composing Ulysses. Yet Ulysses does inevitably reflect the era and circumstances of its making. This article examines how the “Cyclops” episode echoes the Irish Rebellion of 1916. Joyce rejected the cultural nationalism and Gaelic revivalism in his essays and works. The “Cyclops” episode in particular parodies the Revivalism, and it is very important to know that the Revivalism is closely related with the Rising; for most of 1916 leaders had been members of the Gaelic League in their youth and many of those who fought against the British at that time were recruited from the Gaelic Athletic Association.
The citizen, modeled on the founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association, is probably a member of Gaelic League. Also, it is interesting to see that from his girdle hangs a row of seastones on which are graven the images of Irish heroes; the first of them is the image of Cuchulin. This is significant, for the result of Revival was the emergence of Cuchulin cult. The image of Cuchulin shedding his life’s blood in the defence of his people did much to inspire the blood-sacrifice doctrine of the 1916 leaders. The Cuchulin cult mingled with and strengthened the Wolfe Tone—Robert Emmet—Young Ireland—Fenian physical force tradition. The leaders of the Easter Rising are the political descendants of these hero-martyrs and the citizen also belongs to this tradition, as we can see in his emphasis on “force against force” and the spirit of blood-sacrifice.
Further, Kilmainham jail where Emmet was hanged is exactly the same place where the leaders of 1916 Rebellion were executed. Finally, the description of the earthquake that accompanies the throwing of the biscuit-tin strongly suggests the vision of Dublin after the Rising. It is true that Joyce did not articulate his view of the Rising, but Joyce’s parody of Revivalism and his unfavourable view of Emmet and the citizen in the Cyclops episode suggest that he was not in sympathy with the methods adopted by the leaders of the Rebellion.

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