고려 대몽전쟁기 해도(海島) 관련 전투에 대한 재검토 (Reexamination of Battles that involved islands (located in the middle of the sea) during the War against the Mongol Invasion forces)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국방부군사편찬연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 군사 / 95호 / 281 ~ 331페이지
· 저자명 : 윤경진

초록

이 연구는 최근 논란이 되고 있는 고려 대몽항쟁기 海島 관련 전투에 대해 새롭게 검토한 것이다.
槽島를 西海道의 섬으로 보는 견해가 있으나 당시까지 서해도는 開京 진주를 위한 경로일 뿐, 이곳에서 도서 공격과 연결되는 전황은 확인되지 않는다. 조도 전투 직후 몽고군의 도서 공격에 대응하여 고려 정부가 전라도 방면으로 군대를 파견하고 있어 조도는 전라도 연안의 섬으로 보는 것이 타당하다. 이것은 도서 공격을 지원하는 선박 건조 여건과 몽고군 本陣의 주둔 위치 등을 통해 뒷받침된다.
牙州海島 관련 전투는 고려군이 해도에서 눌륙하여 전투를 수행한 것으로 海戰이 아니다. 이 전투는 해당 기사의 문법적 해석과 더불어 같은 기사에 몽고군의 忠州 공격이 이어지고 있다는 점에서 고려군의 승전으로 볼 수 없다. 아주래도는 大府島로 파악되며, 충주의 주력 부대가 주둔하고 있었다. 忠州道巡問使 韓就는 전투 지휘관이 아니라 순행 중 정부의 지시에 따라 發兵 업무를 담당한 것이다. 당시 고려군은 몽고군의 충주 공격을 차단하기 위해 전투를 벌였으나 패배하였고, 이로 인해 충주까지 함락되었다.

영어초록

Examined in this article are the battles that took place over the sea or in coastline areas, between the defending Goryeo forces and the invading Mongol troops, during the early 13th century. The issue became a rather sensitive topic recently, and a renewed perspective of that issue is required.
Previously, “Jodo(槽島)” was believed to have been an island in the vicinity of the Seohae province(西海道), but at that time, Seohae-do was only upon the route that led to the Gaegyeong(開京) capital of Goryeo, and there is no indication that an assault upon the islands was launched from this location. Instead, right after the Jodo battle, in response to the Mongol troops’ overall offensive targeting islands in the sea, the Goryeo government dispatched troops to the Jeolla-do(全羅道). Considering such move, and the whereabouts of the Mongol main battalion, it would be reasonable to assume that Jodo was located in a position near that province, which was certainly better equipped and prepared, in terms of supporting the government’s defense efforts that would have most definitely included ship building.
The so-called “A-ju island(牙州海島)” battle was not a battle that took place upon the sea, as it was fought by Goryeo troops which returned (from the island) to the land. And considering other references in key records, which depicted the Mongol troops’ continuing offensive against the Chungju(忠州) area, it would be hard to describe the outcome of this battle as a victory for the Goryeo troops. The island in question seems to have been the Daebu-do(大府島), where a rather large military forces composed of Chungju soldiers was stationed. Han Chwi(韓就), the Sunmun-Sa(Provincial Magistrate in the region : 巡問使) of Chungju-do(忠州道), was not a military commander but a civilian official who received an order from the government to secure necessary number of troops for upcoming missions. Shortly after that, Goryeo troops tried to prevent Mongol forces from attacking Chungju, but failed, and as a result Chungju fell.

참고자료

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