《漢書》 〈西域傳〉에 보이는 西域의 공간 의미 (The Meaning of the Space of the Western region in the Hanshu Xiyuzhuan)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국문학연구 / 94호 / 1 ~ 33페이지
· 저자명 : 송정화

초록

본고는 正史로서는 처음으로 서역을 독립적인 傳으로 編制한 《한서》 <서역전>을 연구대상으로 삼아, 당시 한나라가 서역의 지리공간을 어떻게 인식하고 기록했는지 텍스트 분석을 위주로 살펴보았다. 《한서》 <서역전>에서 서역은 九州說과 五服說의 전통적인 지리 관념의 연장선상에서 중원의 밖이자 西戎의 땅으로 간주되었고, 복속의 대상이지만 여전히 흉노의 영향권에 있는 공간으로 인식되었다. 또한 《한서》 <서역전>에서 서역의 공간은 한과 흉노의 대립 관계 속에서 갈등과 분쟁의 공간이었고, 東西를 연결하는 중요한 통로로서 사신들의 안전을 확보하기 위해 선점해야 할 공간이었다. 마지막으로 서역의 공간은 중원에는 없는 특별한 산물과 동식물, 기이한 풍습이 존재하는 신비의 공간이기도 했다. 한나라에게 있어 서역의 공간은 여전히 멀고 척박한 異域이었으며 문명과 야만이 착종하는 비균질의 공간이었다.

영어초록

This paper examined how the Han Dynasty recognized and recorded the geographical space of the western region[西域] by using Hanshu Xiyuzhuan which organized the space of the west region into independent chapters for the first time as a true history.
First, in Hanshu Xiyuzhuan the western region was recognized as outside the central region[中原] and the land of the western barbarians[西戎]. As an extension of the geographical idea of Jiuzhoushuo[九州說] and Wufushuo[五服說], the western region was still the land of Huangfu[荒服], and the center was in the central region. However, the space of the western region was not completely occupied, under the influence of the Huns[匈奴].
Second, Hanshu Xiyuzhuan recorded the space of the western region as a land of conflict and dispute. The Han Dynasty continued to be threatened by the Huns in the northwest and was in a conflict relationship. In relation to this political conflict with the Huns, the Han Dynasty tried to weaken the power of the Huns by establishing close diplomatic relations with western countries. For the Han Dynasty, the western region was a space where various countermeasures such as conciliation, persuasion, bystander, and armed conquest coexisted.
Third, the western region’s space in Hanshu Xiyuzhuan was an important channel connecting the East and West. In order to envoys from the Han Dynasty to successfully complete their meandering, they had to receive food and safe accommodation from western countries. Friendly relations with western countries were quite important for the Han Dynasty.
Fourth, the western region was a space with special products and mysterious cultures, including jade and horses. However, some nomadic western countries were considered tribes of barbarians by the Han Dynasty. From the perspective of the Han Dynasty, the western space was recognized as a non-uniform space where civilization and barbarism intersect.

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