조선후기 왕실 喪葬에서魂宮의 형성과 공간구성－창경궁 通和殿을 중심으로－ (Honjeon(魂殿)․Hon’gung(魂宮) chambers for Royal funerals and Memorial services during the Joseon dynasty’s latter-half period-Names and Inner structures－Examination of Chang’gyeong-gung palace’s Tong’hwa-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 조선시대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 조선시대사학보 / 88호 / 143 ~ 184페이지
· 저자명 : 이현진, 이혜원

초록

본 연구는 현존하지는 않지만 「동궐도」에 그려져 있는 통화전의 실체를 살펴보기 위해 작성되었다. 통화전은 창경궁에 조성된 전각 중 하나이다. 통화전이라는 전호는 순조대 혜경궁의 상장에서 혼궁으로 사용된 건물에 처음으로 붙여졌다. 그런데 통화전은 이때 처음으로 ‘건립’된 것이 아니었고 전각명이 없는 상태로 오랫동안 사람들에게 ‘구 내반원’, ‘옛 혼궁’으로 일컬어지다가 1816년 혜경궁의 혼궁으로 정해지면서 대대적인 수리와 함께 통화전이라는 전각 명칭을 갖게 되었다.
통화전이라는 전각 이름을 갖기 전 이곳에는 숙종대 단의빈, 영조대 효장세자와 현빈의 혼궁으로 활용되었다. 적어도 숙종대 단의빈의 상장을 치르면서 이곳이 혼궁 처소로 마련되기 시작했고, 영조대 효장세자와 현빈의 혼궁을 거쳐서 순조대 혜경궁의 혼궁으로 사용된 것이었다.
그렇다면 국왕이나 왕후의 혼전이 편전에 마련되는 경향과 달리, 세자나 세자빈은 조선후기에 통화전이라는 건물에 혼궁을 마련하는 추세라고 볼 수 있다. 정조비 효의왕후의 혼전이 통화전에 조성되어 예외적인 경우도 있지만 효명세자의 혼궁으로 통화전이 잠시 사용되기도 한 것을 포함하여, 대개 세자나 세자빈의 혼궁으로 통화전이 사용되었음을 알 수 있다.
아울러 그 용도가 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았던 「동궐도」와 「동궐도형」에 그려져 있는 통화전 남쪽 일곽의 행각의 성격을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 일곽은 18세기 이전에는 국왕의 생활을 보조하는 관서들이 모여 있었던 곳이었으며, 통화전이 혼궁으로 유지되는 기간 동안 부속시설로 사용되었다.

영어초록

This article attempted to determine the nature of the Tong’hwa-jeon chamber, which unfortunately does not exist today, yet is vividly described anyway in the Dong’gweol-do(東闕圖) picture. Tong’hwa-jeon was created inside the Chang’gyeong-gung palace, and the title itself (“Tong’hwa”) first appeared when this chamber was ordered to be used as the Hon’gung chamber for Crown princess Hyegyeong(惠慶宮) during King Sunjo’s reign. Until then, the chamber had no name and was only called as ‘Old Naeban-weon(內班院) structure’ or ‘Old Hon’gung.’ When it was designated for the first time to become Hyegyeong’s Hon’gung, the structure was heavily renovated and eventually received the name Tong’hwa-jeon.
But this was not the chamber’s first usage as said facility. Even before it became Tong’hwa-jeon, the structure had already served the royal family’s needs in the same capacity. It served as Hon’gung for Crown princess Daneui- bin(端懿嬪) during King Sukjong’s reign, and as Hon’gung for both Crown prince Hyojang(孝章世子) and royal concubine Hyeonbin(賢嬪) during King Yeongjo’s reign. The example from Sukjong’s reign was the first ever for the chamber to serve such purpose, and after being used in the same capacity during Yeongjo’s reign, we can see that it was decided to be used once again as Hon’gung for Hyegyeong-gung during Sunjo’s reign, but with an actual name this time around.
While the Honjeon for kings and queens were usually arranged at the Pyeonjeon(便殿) Hall, we can see that a new trend of arranging the same space for deceased crown princes or princesses at Tong’hwa-jeon was gradually forming. Of course there were some exceptions (such as the Honjeon for King Jeongjo’s wife Queen Hyoeui [Hyoeui Wanghu, 孝懿王后] being arranged at Tong’hwa-jeon), but overall Tong’hwa-jeon was generally used for princes and princesses, as we can see from the fact that Tong’hwa-jeon was also used as the Hon’gung for Crown prince Hyomyeong later on.
In this article, the nature of a structure which was erected in the southern section of the Tong’hwa-jeon chamber, which was also described on both Dong’gweol-do and Dong’gweol-dohyeong(東闕圖形) yet its exact function was previously unknown and yet to be determined. It was a place for servants assisting the king before the 18th century, and later when Tong’hwa-jeon was renovated and came to serve as a Hon’gung facility, the structure was used as a secondary facility for the Hon’gung.

참고자료

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