조선시대 장생전(長生殿)의 설치와 운영 (The Management of the Jangsaeng-jeon(長生殿) Hall in Joseon - Its Establishment, Function and Status -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 진단학회
· 수록지 정보 : 진단학보 / 131호 / 117 ~ 148페이지
· 저자명 : 이현진

초록

태조 초에 건립된 장생전은 공신들의 도상과 태조의 어진을 봉안하기 위한 설치되었다. 장생전의 그러한 기능이 태종대에도 계승되었으나 태종이 임금과 신하가 하나의 공간에 함께 있는 것을 문제삼았다. 장생전을 사훈각으로 개칭했고, 이때 장생전이 철훼되었다. 그러다가 세종대에 이르러 장생전 옛 터에 수기의 보관과 제작을 위해 새로 건물을 지었고, 그 건물을 장생전이라고 일컬었다. 동일한 관서명이지만 그 기능은 태조․태종대와 세종대가 명백하게 달랐다.
한편, 조선은 초기부터 신민들의 관곽을 담당하고 있는 관서로 귀후서가 있었다. 적어도 세종대부터 광해군대까지 장생전과 귀후서는 업무가 비슷했다. 하지만 장생전의 관곽은 국왕이나 왕후, 세자, 세자빈 등이 죽었을 때 제공되었고, 귀후서 소장의 그것은 이들 이외의 사람들이 죽었을 때 지급되었다.
그러다가 인조대 이후부터 장생전 소재 관곽은 다양한 신분들에게도 제공되었다. 장생전에서 귀후서의 업무까지 담당하게 되면서 귀후서의 기능은 점차 축소되어 갔다. 급기야 1777년에 귀후서가 혁파되면서 장생전이 단일 기관으로 그 업무를 전담했다. 장생전의 위상이 변화했고, 1785년에 편찬된 『대전통편』에 장생전과 관련한 규정이 성문화되었다.
마지막으로 장생전의 위치 변화이다. 처음에 궁궐의 서쪽에 있다가 임진왜란 이후 경복궁 동문 밖에 있던 옛 종묘 자리에 마련되었다. 그 뒤 인평대군의 제택이었던 석양루가 쇠퇴하면서 이곳에 장생전이 설치되었다가 어느 시기에 북부 관광방으로 옮겨졌다. 그 뒤 적어도 1914년 이후부터는 다시 동부 이화동으로 옮겨간 것이 확인된다.

영어초록

The Jangsaeng-jeon hall was founded in the early years of King Taejo’s reign, to house the pictures[圖像] of meritorious vassals and royal portraits[御眞] of the kings. Its function continued into King Taejong’s reign as well, but Taejong did question the wisdom of housing portrayals of the king and the vassals in the same place. Jangsaeng-jeon was summarily renamed as Sahun-gak(思勳閣), and was effectively dismantled. Then, during the reign of King Sejong, a new structure was built (on the ground where the original Jangsaeng-jeon had been standing) and designated to be in charge of housing Sugi(壽器) utensils and even manufacturing them. This new structure was also named Jangsaeng-jeon, but its function was clearly different from its namesake in the past.
Meanwhile, the Josoen dynasty had an office named Gwihu-seo(歸厚署), which was in charge of providing coffins and coffin chambers[棺槨] for royal family members, governmental officials as well as ordinary people. Since the days of Sejong through king Gwang’hae-gun’s reign, Gwihu-seo’s such function remained the same, and so did that of the Jangsaeng-jeon hall. Yet there was also a difference. Coffins and coffin chambers in custody of the Jangsaeng-jeon hall were provided in funerals for kings, queens, crown princes and princesses, while those in custody of the Gwihu-seo office were provided when people outside this group died.
Yet, since the reign of King Injo, coffins and coffin chambers from the Jangsaeng-jeon hall were also provided to people who belonged to various social classes, and were not exclusively used by royal beings. Jangsaeng-jeon’s role was expanding in that regard, while that of Gwihu-seo was shrinking. Gwihu-seo was finally shut down in 1777, and Jangsaeng-jeon became the sole office in charge of that particular function. The changed nature of Jangsaeng-jeon’s role was reflected in 『Daejeon Tongpyeon(大典通編)』, which was enacted in 1785 and included Jangsaeng-jeon’s new jurisdictions.
This Jangsaeng-jeon seems to have moved a lot. First it was on the west side of the palace, but after the war with the Japanese in the 1590s it was moved to the old Dynastic Shrine[宗廟] site, outside the East gate(東門) of the Gyeongbok-gung palace. Later, when the Seog’yang-ru(夕陽樓) pavilion -which had been serving as the private residence for prince Inpyeong Daegun(麟坪大君)- began to break down, Jangsaeng-jeon was newly built there. But at some point since then, it was again relocated to the city’s Northern segment(北部)’s Gwan’gwang-bang(觀光坊) district. And it is confirmed that later, again, it was once again moved to the Eastern segment(東部)’s Yihwa-dong(梨花洞) county, after 1914.

참고자료

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