고구려의 태자 책봉제 수용 과정 고찰 (The Implement of the Crown Prince Installation System in the Koguryeo Kingdom Period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사연구 / 153호 / 1 ~ 35페이지
· 저자명 : 김병곤

초록

According to articles from Samguksaki, there were five Kings who invested Crown Princes during the early Koguryeo Kingdom period; Kings from the progenitor Dongmyeong to the fifth King Mobon. But it has been argued that those records of royal lineage from the first to fifth generation were embellished by King Sosurim or Jangsu. And the lineage was changed in the early period of the Kingdom, especially from the sixth to eighth generation during when King’s brothers succeeded to the throne not princes. Therefore it is hard to consider those articles of royal succession from Samguksaki dependable.
This study aims to elucidate the exact time when the Kingdom implemented the Crown Prince installation System. These four conditions listed below are evidences to prove the firm establishment of the System in the Kingdom; the unitary royal lineage, the organization of an official post, a steady diplomatic relationship with China, and evidences that prove the settlement of the system. As is generally known, royal lineage of Koguryeo Kingdom was stabilized after the sixth King Taejo. But since the seventh King Chadae and the eighth King Sindae turned over the throne to their brothers, the installation of the Crown Prince could not be conducted at the time.
But when the King Chadae was assassinated after years of wrong governance, his prince Chuan defected to the King Sindae and the King invested Chuan as the Crown Prince. By comparing these facts listed below with other examples from the period, it is possible to regard Chuan as the very first Crown King in the history of the Kingdom; Chuan was officially called the Crown Prince at the time, his title meant ‘surrender of the country’, and his father was assassinated. Therefore it is possible to see the King Chadae’s reign as the time that the Kingdom implemented the Crown Prince installation system.
But the Crown Prince Chuan failed to succeed to the throne due to the assassination of his father and the King Sindae, after he succeeded to the throne, invested his own prince Namu as the Crown Prince. But, unusually, the King’s vassals suggested the installation of the Crown Prince to the King and the Crown Prince Namu(the King Gokukcheon), after he succeeded the throne, conducted the installation of the Crown Princess, which proves the settlement of the installation system at his time. From these facts gathered above, it is possible to assume that the Crown King installation system was implemented by the King Chadae and it was firmly settled down during the reign of King Sindae.
However, the King Gokukcheon died at an early age without issue and his younger brother Yeonwoo(the King Sansang) succeeded the throne. This reappeared old custom can be evidence that disproves the settlement of the installation system. But it was just a mere exception and the Queen Woo appointed the late King’s younger brother Yeonwoo as a successor to the throne not the older brother Balgi. These facts suggested that the Crown Prince installation system was already settled down at the time. Moreover, the King Sansang invested his five years old son Kyoche by his second Queen as the Crown Prince and this can be another concrete evidence of the settlement of the system. From the reign of King Sansang, King’s brothers or uncles who could have been a threat for the throne were purged, in order to strengthen royal authority.

영어초록

According to articles from Samguksaki, there were five Kings who invested Crown Princes during the early Koguryeo Kingdom period; Kings from the progenitor Dongmyeong to the fifth King Mobon. But it has been argued that those records of royal lineage from the first to fifth generation were embellished by King Sosurim or Jangsu. And the lineage was changed in the early period of the Kingdom, especially from the sixth to eighth generation during when King’s brothers succeeded to the throne not princes. Therefore it is hard to consider those articles of royal succession from Samguksaki dependable.
This study aims to elucidate the exact time when the Kingdom implemented the Crown Prince installation System. These four conditions listed below are evidences to prove the firm establishment of the System in the Kingdom; the unitary royal lineage, the organization of an official post, a steady diplomatic relationship with China, and evidences that prove the settlement of the system. As is generally known, royal lineage of Koguryeo Kingdom was stabilized after the sixth King Taejo. But since the seventh King Chadae and the eighth King Sindae turned over the throne to their brothers, the installation of the Crown Prince could not be conducted at the time.
But when the King Chadae was assassinated after years of wrong governance, his prince Chuan defected to the King Sindae and the King invested Chuan as the Crown Prince. By comparing these facts listed below with other examples from the period, it is possible to regard Chuan as the very first Crown King in the history of the Kingdom; Chuan was officially called the Crown Prince at the time, his title meant ‘surrender of the country’, and his father was assassinated. Therefore it is possible to see the King Chadae’s reign as the time that the Kingdom implemented the Crown Prince installation system.
But the Crown Prince Chuan failed to succeed to the throne due to the assassination of his father and the King Sindae, after he succeeded to the throne, invested his own prince Namu as the Crown Prince. But, unusually, the King’s vassals suggested the installation of the Crown Prince to the King and the Crown Prince Namu(the King Gokukcheon), after he succeeded the throne, conducted the installation of the Crown Princess, which proves the settlement of the installation system at his time. From these facts gathered above, it is possible to assume that the Crown King installation system was implemented by the King Chadae and it was firmly settled down during the reign of King Sindae.
However, the King Gokukcheon died at an early age without issue and his younger brother Yeonwoo(the King Sansang) succeeded the throne. This reappeared old custom can be evidence that disproves the settlement of the installation system. But it was just a mere exception and the Queen Woo appointed the late King’s younger brother Yeonwoo as a successor to the throne not the older brother Balgi. These facts suggested that the Crown Prince installation system was already settled down at the time. Moreover, the King Sansang invested his five years old son Kyoche by his second Queen as the Crown Prince and this can be another concrete evidence of the settlement of the system. From the reign of King Sansang, King’s brothers or uncles who could have been a threat for the throne were purged, in order to strengthen royal authority.

참고자료

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