再说“您”和“您们” (Another Discussion on "Nin" and "Ninmen")

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중국언어학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국언어연구 / 85호 / 105 ~ 125페이지
· 저자명 : SHULIN YIN, RUONAN YIN, 김미금

초록

代词“您”在现代汉语中表示第二人称单数敬称义。“您”在金元时期由“你们”合音而来，表示复数义，单音节的“您”逐渐发展出单数义并占据优势，清代末期，“您”从“您+亲属称谓”和“你老人家”两个结构中发展出敬称义，进而成为汉语中专职的第二人称单数敬称代词，《现代汉语词典》（第7版）中对“您”的释义还值得商榷。“您们”是在“你们”等代词复数形式的类推机制下产生的，“您”的敬称义产生后，“您们”作为复数形式继续存在，其产生符合汉语构词规则，能填补语用上的空位，使用范围日渐扩大，历经数年仍未消亡，一向被积极肯定的“您二位”等相关形式使用频率却远低于“您们”，应承认“您们”的合理性，并考虑将其纳入现代汉语词汇系统中。

영어초록

In modern Chinese, the pronoun “nin” has the second person singular honorific meaning. The sound of “nin”, firstly expressing the plural meaning,derives from the integration of “ninmen” sound in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, from which the monosyllabic “nin”has gradually started to generate the singular meaning and finally the singular meaning has become its main meaning. In the late Qing Dynasty, “nin”, from two structures of “nin+ kinship terms”and “ni lao renjia”, evolved into a word that would express the honorific meaning and then becomesa full-time second person singular honorific pronoun in modern Chinese.The definition of “nin”in Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition) deserves discussion.“Ninmen”comes into beingunder the analogic mechanism of pronoun plurals such as“nimen”. After the generation of the honorific meaning of “nin”, “nimen” continues to existas a plural form, which conforms to the Chinese word formation rules.It fillsa vacancy of pragmatics, enjoys an increasingly expanding scope of use, and doesn’t vanish after several years. The use frequency of “nin erwei” and other related forms,which are positively affirmed, is far below the one of“ninmen”. The rationality of “ninmen” should be admitted and it should be considered to absorb “ninmen” into modern Chinese vocabulary system.

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