관동대학살에 대한 재일본조선인의 대응 -재동경이재조선동포위문반을 중심으로- (Actions of Koreans in Japan to the Kantou Massacre)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국독립운동사연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 한국독립운동사연구 / 75호 / 177 ~ 210페이지
· 저자명 : 김강산

초록

이 글의 목적은 관동대학살 이후 일본 내 조선인들의 대응방식을 밝히고 그 성격을 규명하려는 데 있다. 특히 재동경이재조선동포위문반을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.
선행연구는 위문반의 활동을 피학살자수를 밝히고자 하는 흐름 속에서 진행되어왔기에 식민권력과의 관계, 단체에 관한 기본정보, 조사결과 등이 불충분하게 규명되었다.
재동경이재조선동포위문반은 1923년 9월 조선에서 결성된 동경지방이재조선인구제회와 밀접한 연관을 맺고 있다. 특히 『동아일보』의 이상협은 지진이 일어난 다음날 일본으로 건너와 위문반 결성에 관여하였고, 구제회의 모금액을 전달하면서 향후 위문반 활동에 기여하였다.
위문반은 재해지역에서 생존하고 있던 조선인들을 구호하는 것, 학살 사실을 조사하는 것, 이상 두 가지의 목표를 가지고 있었다. 그 목표는 조선의 구제회도 동일했다. 그러나 식민권력의 탄압으로 불가능해지면서, 위문반에게 그 사업을 승계하였던 것으로 보인다.
위문반의 구호활동은 식민권력과 일정한 협력 속에 전개되었다. 그것은 식민권력이 대외적 상황을 의식할 수 밖에 없었던 상황과 밀접한 연관이 있으며, 위문반은 이를 잘 이용한 것으로 생각된다. 한편 조사활동은 감시와 탄압, 은폐 속에 전개되었다. 조선인 학살 사실을 조사하는 과정에서 여러가지 어려움이 있었지만 두 달에 걸친 조사결과를 1923년 12월 <동경조선인대회>에서 발표하였다.
위문반의 조사결과 발표에서 피학살자 수를 밝힌 것 뿐만 아니라 학살의 원인으로 '유언비어'를 지목하고, 그 책임자로서 일본정부를 명백하게 지목하고 있는 것이 눈에 띈다. 나아가 해외에 이 사실을 선전하기 위해 「虐殺」이라는 팸플릿을 작성하기도 했다. 이는 기존 연구에서 파악한 바 위문반을 '피학살자수를 조사한 단체' 정도로 파악한 것을 넘어, 더욱 적극적으로 해석할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

영어초록

The current article aimed to determine how the Koreans in Japan counteracted after Kantou Massacre at that time, and to identify the characteristics of it specifically focusing on the perspective of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities(在東京罹災朝鮮同胞慰問班)’.
The previous study on the movement of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ was conducted in accordance with the identification of the number of victims. So, the basic information on the organization, relationship with the colonial authority, and the results of investigation are insufficiently demonstrated.
‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ had close relationship with ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities(東京地方罹災朝鮮人救濟會)’ which was organized in Joseon in September 1923. Sang Hyeop Lee of Dong-A Ilbo went over to Japan the day after the earthquake, got involved in the formation of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities, and contributed to the operations of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ by delivering the raised collection from ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities’.




‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ tried to achieve two main objectives, so as ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities’ of Joseon, which were to aid survived Koreans in the devastated area and to investigate on the massacre. It seemed as ‘the Association of Relief for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from Calamities’ was oppressed by the colonial authority and had to succeed the activity to ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’.
The relief work of ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ was carried out with the cooperation of colonial authority. It was related to the situation that the colonial authority had to consider their international public image, and ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ took advantage of it. On the other hand, the investigation was conducted under surveillance, suppression, and concealment. There were difficulties in two months of investigation on the massacre of Koreans, but it was able to present the results at ‘The Great Meeting of Koreans in Tokyo(東京朝鮮人大會)’ in December 1923.
In the presentation, ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ determined the number of victims, stated a groundless rumor as the reason for massacre, and clearly identified that Japanese government was responsible for it. Furthermore, as recognized from the previous study, they issued a leaflet named ‘虐殺’ to inform the truth abroad. Thus it implies that comprehending ‘the Consolation group for Korean Victims in Tokyo suffering from calamities’ not only as an organization that investigated the number of victims, but also as fact-finding body is necessary.

참고자료

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