고려시대 儺戱 담당자에 관한 再考 (Study on Naehye players in th Korea dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 온지학회
· 수록지 정보 : 온지논총 / 21호 / 311 ~ 336페이지
· 저자명 : 윤아영

초록

음력 섣달그믐에 악귀와 사신을 쫓기 위해 행해지던 의식인 儺禮는 그 성격에 따라서 크게 驅儺儀와 儺戱로 구분되는데, 이중 나희는 다시 연행된 장소에 따라 宮庭儺戱와 道上儺戱로 나누어진다. 이 중 나희의 행사로서는 궁정의 악가무 와 잡희 등이 있었는데, 악가무를 시연하던 악공과 기녀들의 관리와 감독 그리고 교육을 담당했던 기관으로는 장악원(조선)과, 대악서 혹은 관현방(고려) 등의 관청이 있다. 그러나 창우의 경우 시대별로 감독 기관이 상이한데, 앞서 밝힌 바와 같이 조선시대에는 軍器侍와 義禁府가 이를 담당하였고, 고려시대에는 병장방에서 관리한 것으로 알려져 왔다. 따라서 본고에서는 바로 이 고려시대 기관에 대해 밝혀 보고자 한다.
나례의 잡희와 준비에 관련된 고려시대의 기관은 기존설과는 달리 견룡대와 사평순위부로 추정되는데, 이 중 견룡대는 이후 군기시로 체계화 되어 조선시대로 이어지고, 이들이 비상시 연행한 擊毬, 打毬, 馳馬 등의 상무적인 잡희는 후에 조선시대로도 이어졌을 가능성이 크다. 따라서 屛帳房을 儺禮都監의 전신으로 여기기보다는 오히려 牽龍隊가 軍器監(군기시의 전신)의 전신이라고 보는 시각이 더 타당할 것이다. 사평순위부 또한 이색의 ‘구나행’ 혹은, ‘고려사절요’의 내용에 의해 조선시대 의금부의 전신이었다 볼 수 있을 것이다. 다만 조선시대의 군기시가 나희의 준비와 관리 감독을 역할만 하고, 연행은 창우들이 맡아 진행했던 것과 달리, 견룡대는 연행까지 직접 행하였을 것으로 추측된다. 또한 나희를 左邊과 右邊으로 나누어 맡아 준비하던 전통은 고려 때부터 전해 온 것으로 보이나, 그 역할이 정확하게 분리되었던 것은 고려 중기 이전부터였을 것으로 보인다.

영어초록

NaRe, a shaman ceremony, was performed on the last day of the lunar calendar year to chase away evil spirits and demons of death. The Nare ritual can be separated into two principal categories identified as GuNaeYi and NaeHye distinguishable by certain characteristics of such as site, performances during the ceremony, etc. which the latter can be further distinguished as GoonJungNaehye and DosangNaehye based on the site of where the shaman ritual is performed.
Some of the performances performed in during NaRe ceremony included the shaman song and dance and JopHye performed by imperial court musician and geishas who were under the supervision, management and education all administrated by a bureaucratic governmental agency that were known as JangAkWon (in the Chosun dynasty) and DaeAksSheo or GuanHyunByung (in the Korea dynasty).
However, with respect to ChangWoo the governing governmental institutions that controlled the shaman ceremonies and rituals are different depending on the historical period in question. As discussed above, during the Chosun dynasty the GoonGeeSy and EuGeumBoo controlled the activities and during the Korea dynasty it is hypothesized that the ByungJangBang was assigned with similar responsibilities and played similar roles but remains to be proven by verifiable historical evidence.
This paper seeks to discuss the aforementioned the various hypothesis regarding the aforementioned theories regarding the institutions responsible for the Shaman rituals during the Korea dynasty.
In contrast to the widely accepted view of the related governmental institutions were responsible for preparing for the shaman ritual in the Korea dynasty it is more likely to have been GyunRyongDae and SaPyungSoonWeBoo who actually administrated those rituals and ceremonies of which GyunRyongDae was later institutionalized into GoonGeeSy which was passed on to the Chosun dynasty. Moreover, the rituals and ceremonies performed during periods of emergencies, JopHye is also likely to have been passed on to the Chosun dynasty.
Therefore, if considered through the existence of later institutions, it is more feasible to argue the position that GyunRyongDae as GunGeeGang’s predecessor rahter than conceiving ByungJangBang as the predecessor of NareDogam. However, that the ChoSun dynasty's GunGeesy was limited to the preparation and administration of NaeHye, and rather the actual performances being performed by ChangWoo, GyunRyongDae was also responsible the ritual performances themselves.
Additionally the traditional division of NaeHye and preparing the left side and the right side separately is thought have its origins in the Korea dynasty, but there was no such a clear division may have existed, but it is apparent that approximately half way through the Korea period such divisions began to emerge.

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