고려시대 출생자(出生者)의 파악과 호적(戶籍) (Birth Registrations and Census registers(戶籍) in Goryeo)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 69호 / 165 ~ 191페이지
· 저자명 : 박진훈

초록

During the Goryeo dynasty period, when a child was born, a male child from the ruling class would be recorded as ‘paji’, and a female child from the ruling class would be recorded as ‘Sosa’, in the ‘Hojeok’ census registers. ‘Paji’ and ‘Sosa’ were no generic nouns meaning male and female children. They were mere ‘designations’ referring to the registered newborn children. Yet, with only those designations it was impossible to tell one from the other, so the child’s name was altered after going through a certain procedure, and the revised name was put in the census register right away.
In case of the ruling class, male children were first recorded as ‘Paji’ and then received a revised name, so we can see that their registration upon a census register took place right after birth. Yet the names of the nobi slaves who were regarded as private property of other people, or the names of the ordinary people who were obligated to submit taxes and were therefore closely monitored by the government, and names of other low class members of the society, were recorded in the census registers with their ‘own’ distinguishable names (and without being recorded as either Paji or Sosa) right after birth.
In Goryeo, whenever a birth occurred, the fact of birth was instantly recorded in the census register. Such swift recognition of a birth and also a spontaneous recording system show us that the dynasty’s governing was functioning at the most final and yet ultimately primary administrative level, and they also show us that the changes which were happening at the household levels were being spontaneously monitored and addressed with. Whenever a change in the family household took place, the head of the family was obligated to report it to the authorities, and have it recorded in the census register. And the Ijeong figures in charge of the villages’ administration were also under orders to confirm and record those household changes, including the birth of a newborn child, in the official census registers.
The people in charge of the village administrations instantly found out such changes which were happening at the household levels, and recorded them in the census registers. Every Gun and Hyeon unit collected the census registers filed by the villages, every year. It also seems that the central government ordered revisions of the census registers once in every three years, and put them in custody of the Minbu office.

영어초록

During the Goryeo dynasty period, when a child was born, a male child from the ruling class would be recorded as ‘paji’, and a female child from the ruling class would be recorded as ‘Sosa’, in the ‘Hojeok’ census registers. ‘Paji’ and ‘Sosa’ were no generic nouns meaning male and female children. They were mere ‘designations’ referring to the registered newborn children. Yet, with only those designations it was impossible to tell one from the other, so the child’s name was altered after going through a certain procedure, and the revised name was put in the census register right away.
In case of the ruling class, male children were first recorded as ‘Paji’ and then received a revised name, so we can see that their registration upon a census register took place right after birth. Yet the names of the nobi slaves who were regarded as private property of other people, or the names of the ordinary people who were obligated to submit taxes and were therefore closely monitored by the government, and names of other low class members of the society, were recorded in the census registers with their ‘own’ distinguishable names (and without being recorded as either Paji or Sosa) right after birth.
In Goryeo, whenever a birth occurred, the fact of birth was instantly recorded in the census register. Such swift recognition of a birth and also a spontaneous recording system show us that the dynasty’s governing was functioning at the most final and yet ultimately primary administrative level, and they also show us that the changes which were happening at the household levels were being spontaneously monitored and addressed with. Whenever a change in the family household took place, the head of the family was obligated to report it to the authorities, and have it recorded in the census register. And the Ijeong figures in charge of the villages’ administration were also under orders to confirm and record those household changes, including the birth of a newborn child, in the official census registers.
The people in charge of the village administrations instantly found out such changes which were happening at the household levels, and recorded them in the census registers. Every Gun and Hyeon unit collected the census registers filed by the villages, every year. It also seems that the central government ordered revisions of the census registers once in every three years, and put them in custody of the Minbu office.

참고자료

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