영주지역 생원‧ 진사 입격자와 사회적 지위 (The Classics and Literary Licentiate Examination Candidates and Their Social Status in Young-Ju Area)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국국학진흥원
· 수록지 정보 : 국학연구 / 35호 / 373 ~ 414페이지
· 저자명 : 김의환

초록

영주지역의 사마시 입격자는 전국 349곳 가운데 영천이 20위, 순흥이 37위, 풍기가 73위를 차지할 정도로 많았다. 생원은 전체 508명 가운데 338명(66.5%)이었고, 진사는 170명(33.5%)으로 생원이 2배 정도 많았는데, 이것은 유교 경전을 중시한 지역적 학풍을 보여준다고 하겠다. 두 시험에 동시에 입격한 양시 입격자는 13명(2.6%)이었고, 이 가운데 6명은 문과에도 급제하였다.
이들 생원․진사는 19세기에는 1/3이 넘는 183명(36.0%)이 입격하였고, 18세기에는 136명(26.8%)이었으며, 17세기에는 126명(24.8%)이 입격하는 등 후기에 갈수록 그 수가 증가하였다. 이들이 입격할 당시 평균 연령은 34.6세였으며, 30대가 180명(38.2)이었고, 20대가 124명(26.3%)을 차지하는 등 20～40대가 전체의 86.8%였다. 10대 입격자는 11세에 입격한 권몽호를 비롯하여 15명(3.2%)이었고, 60세 이상 입격자는 12명(2.5%)이었다.
생원․진사의 사회적 지위를 알 수 있는 전력은 유학이 483명(98.0%)으로 압도적이었으며, 이 외에 학생․동몽․훈도․허통이 일부 있었다. 부친의 품계와 관직은 학생이 137명(27.4%)이었고, 유학은 122명(24.4%)이었으며, 관직자는 112명(22.4%)이었고, 생원과 진사는 76명(15.2%)이었으며, 관품자는 53명(10.6%)이었다. 이들의 품계는 중추부 동지사 1명을 제외하면 당상관은 하나도 없었다.
이들 가운데 후에 문과에 급제한 사람은 56명(11.1%)이었으며, 이들의 사마시 입격 당시 평균 연령은 30.7세였으며, 10년이 지난 40.0세에 문과에 급제하였다. 이들은 모두 96개 성관에서 배출되었으며, 창원 황씨 43명, 예안 김씨 42명, 안동 권씨 38명, 풍산 김씨 37명 등 4개 성관이 전체의 1/3 정도를 차지하였고, 1명을 배출한 성관은 모두 41개(44.0%)였다.

영어초록

Those candidates who have passed the Classics and Literary Licentiate Examination were distributed 349 districts, all over the country, Yeongcheon ranked 20th, Sunheung 37th and Punggi 73rd, respectively. Among 508 passers, literary licentiates(生員) were 338(66.5%), and classics licentiates(進士) were 170(33.5%). a literary licentiate is about twice as many. Candiates who passed both exams were 13(2.6%) and six of them passed the civil service examination.
In the 19th century, 183(36.3%) literary licentiates and classics licentiates passed to over one-third, in the 18th century, 136(26.8%) and in the 17th century, 126(24.8%) did respectively. Consequently, the number of passers increased in a process of the latter part of period. Their average age at the time was 34.6 years. People in their 30s made up the largest number, 180(38.2%) and people in between their 20s and 40s were 86.8% of the total. Also, people in their 10s were 15(3.2%), while people over 60 years old were 12(2.5%).
Background of literary licentiates and classics licentiates who tell their social staus was overwhelmingly studying abroad and the number of them was 483(98.0%). The rest of them were students, Dongmong, Hundo, and Heo. Their father’s official rank and government positions were that students were 137(27.4%), studying abroad 122(24.4%) and officials 112(22.4%), literary licentiates and classics licentiates 76(15.2%), official rankers 53(10.6%) respectively. Their degree of official rank was not all high level officials(堂上官) except one person.
Among them, 56(11.1%) passed the civil service examination later and their average age at the time when they had passed in the Classics and Literary Licentiate Examination(司馬試) had been 30.7 years old. After that, when their average age were 40.4 years old, they passed the civil service examination. All of these were released from 96 surnames, such as 43 from Changwon Hwang , 42 from Yeanan Kim, 38 from Andong Kwon, and 37 from Poongsan Kim, four surnames accounting for about one-third. The number of surnames which released only one person 41(44.0%).

참고자료

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