알레포 사본과 레닌그라드 사본에 대한 비교 연구 ― ‘네비임’에서 차이를 보이는 어절을 중심으로 ― (A Comparative Study on the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex: Focusing on the Syntactic Word with the Difference in ‘Nevi’im’)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : (재)대한성서공회 성경번역연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 성경원문연구 / 43호 / 161 ~ 183페이지
· 저자명 : 권성달

초록

The Hebrew/Aramaic text used as the basic text in the academia of the Old Testament all over the world today is the Leningrad Codex. The most significant reason why the Leningrad Codex, transcribed in the most recent period, is used as the basic text in the worldwide academia of the Old Testament is because it has the entire main text of the Old Testament. However, biblicists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem showed interest in the Aleppo Codex among the Masoretic manuscripts and began a systematic research by collecting the copies of Aleppo Codex that were scattered around the world through various routes for decades. Many Jewish scholars comparatively studied the Aleppo Codex and other manuscripts, and concluded that the Aleppo Codex best preserves the traditions of the Masoretic manuscripts and is the most accurate. Jewish scholars consider the Aleppo Codex as the most accurate and reliable manuscript, while regarding the Leningrad Codex as a manuscript that includes relatively more errors than the Aleppo Codex. Thus, specific and objective comparative study and analysis are needed on the Leningrad Codex and the Aleppo Codex. If the Leningrad Codex is selected as the basic text just because it includes the entire Old Testament despite its many errors, it is necessary to seriously consider whether it is desirable to use the Leningrad Codex as the basic text in not only Korea but also the world’s academia of the Bible study. Moreover, research and analysis are needed in terms of the level of accuracy and reliability of the Aleppo Codex, which is rated highly by the biblicists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and whether it is highly overrated in some ways.
Mordechai Breuer listed the differences among various Masoretic manuscripts in the historical and prophetic books. This study selected only the Leningrad Codex and Aleppo Codex among the various manuscripts listed by Breuer and conducted a complete enumeration survey on 311 cases that showed a difference, after which it analyzed accuracy through statistical analysis. As a result, this study reached the following conclusion.
(1) There are two cases in which the Leningrad Codex is highly accurate: one is in the spelling of the name of God as a noun despite other word spelling differences, and the other is in the spelling of numbers as a noun despite other word spelling differences.
(2) There are 18 cases in which the Aleppo Codex is highly accurate: ten in Ktiv/Qre, eight in other word spelling differences (one pronoun, two verbs, two prepositions, two number differences, and one other consonant difference).
(3) There is one case in which both have problems: In 2 Samuel 18:8, there is a verb difference among other word spelling differences.
(4) There are 290 cases in which it is difficult to evaluate reliability: 267 in mood, three in the order of characters, 20 in other word spelling differences (five prepositions, four nouns, two number differences, nine consonant differences).
According to the results of this study, the Aleppo Codex generally showed higher accuracy compared to the Leningrad Codex, and thus the evaluation of Jewish scholars stating the excellence of the Aleppo Codex is positive. The negative evaluation of the Leningrad Codex by Jewish scholars tends to be immoderate, though.

영어초록

The Hebrew/Aramaic text used as the basic text in the academia of the Old Testament all over the world today is the Leningrad Codex. The most significant reason why the Leningrad Codex, transcribed in the most recent period, is used as the basic text in the worldwide academia of the Old Testament is because it has the entire main text of the Old Testament. However, biblicists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem showed interest in the Aleppo Codex among the Masoretic manuscripts and began a systematic research by collecting the copies of Aleppo Codex that were scattered around the world through various routes for decades. Many Jewish scholars comparatively studied the Aleppo Codex and other manuscripts, and concluded that the Aleppo Codex best preserves the traditions of the Masoretic manuscripts and is the most accurate. Jewish scholars consider the Aleppo Codex as the most accurate and reliable manuscript, while regarding the Leningrad Codex as a manuscript that includes relatively more errors than the Aleppo Codex. Thus, specific and objective comparative study and analysis are needed on the Leningrad Codex and the Aleppo Codex. If the Leningrad Codex is selected as the basic text just because it includes the entire Old Testament despite its many errors, it is necessary to seriously consider whether it is desirable to use the Leningrad Codex as the basic text in not only Korea but also the world’s academia of the Bible study. Moreover, research and analysis are needed in terms of the level of accuracy and reliability of the Aleppo Codex, which is rated highly by the biblicists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and whether it is highly overrated in some ways.
Mordechai Breuer listed the differences among various Masoretic manuscripts in the historical and prophetic books. This study selected only the Leningrad Codex and Aleppo Codex among the various manuscripts listed by Breuer and conducted a complete enumeration survey on 311 cases that showed a difference, after which it analyzed accuracy through statistical analysis. As a result, this study reached the following conclusion.
(1) There are two cases in which the Leningrad Codex is highly accurate: one is in the spelling of the name of God as a noun despite other word spelling differences, and the other is in the spelling of numbers as a noun despite other word spelling differences.
(2) There are 18 cases in which the Aleppo Codex is highly accurate: ten in Ktiv/Qre, eight in other word spelling differences (one pronoun, two verbs, two prepositions, two number differences, and one other consonant difference).
(3) There is one case in which both have problems: In 2 Samuel 18:8, there is a verb difference among other word spelling differences.
(4) There are 290 cases in which it is difficult to evaluate reliability: 267 in mood, three in the order of characters, 20 in other word spelling differences (five prepositions, four nouns, two number differences, nine consonant differences).
According to the results of this study, the Aleppo Codex generally showed higher accuracy compared to the Leningrad Codex, and thus the evaluation of Jewish scholars stating the excellence of the Aleppo Codex is positive. The negative evaluation of the Leningrad Codex by Jewish scholars tends to be immoderate, though.

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