禮와 비지배의 자유에 관한 일고찰 -『禮記』, 『儀禮』를 중심으로 - (Rethinking li in Liji and Yili with a Special Focus On Non-domination)

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초록

본 연구는 『예기(禮記)』, 『의례(儀禮)』를 중심으로, ‘禮가 어떻게 개인에게 비지배로서의 자유를 보장하며, 이를 통해 평등을 도모하는가’를 살펴보고자 한다. 논의의 전개는 다음과 같다. 페팃(Philip Pettit)이 제시한 ‘비지배(non-domination)’의 개념을 禮에 대입하여 이해한다. 이를 『예기』와 『의례』에 적용한다. 『예기』에서는 「곡례(曲禮)」편에 초점을 맞추어, 일상에서 禮의 실천에 나타난 비지배를 설명한다. 결론적으로, 『예기』 「곡례」편에서 발견되는 비지배의 양상은 ‘다른 사람에게 지배를 행사하려는 자신의 능력에 대한 통제’로 요약될 수 있다. 『의례』에서는 주요 의식의 행동 지침에 나타난 ‘비지배’를 辭 개념에 초점을 맞추어 설명한다.

영어초록

This article examines Liji and Yili with a special focus on Philip Pettit’s ‘non-domination’. Pettit redefines freedom as non-domination rather than non-interference. Human beings cannot live alone. They live in community. In community, non-interference is not the solution for individual freedom. For freedom, individuals should be in the state of not being dominated by anyone. Individuals hold each other not only in mutual dependance but also in check.
Li or propriety aims at the social system, in which non-domination is guaranteed in any human relationship. Li supports social order based on age, class, gender, and race. However, the difference of age, class, gender, and race confirmed by li does not aim at creating dominance-subordination between individuals. It rather aims at equality derived from power balance. The way of behavior according to li is based on ‘respect’. ‘Respect’ is self-control not to dominate others. It also functions as an ideological method to check others’ dominance.
Quli, the first chapters of Liji is analyzed with a focus on non-domination in face-to-face relationship between individuals in everyday life. Li in everyday life guides individuals to the behavior not dominating others. If an individual violate li, it often means that he intends to dominate others. Yili illustrates how to keep mutual respect between power groups. The behavior for mutual respect is significant to guarantee non-domination between power groups. If a king misbehaves in a diplomatic event, it is interpreted as an attempt to dominate other countries. If he violate li in a national ceremony, it may be understood as a sign of dominating his subjects and it may be led to his resignation.

참고자료

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