日本國定期 國語科敎科書 『高等小學讀本』의 일고찰 - 국정기별 내용적 특성과 문법항목의 특성을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Nationally Registered Textbook of the Japanese National Language, The Reader for Higher Elementary Schools - Focussing on Its Content Characteristics and Grammatical Entries by Each Per)

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초록

本論文は20世紀の始め、日本国家が学校の教科書を直接製作及び普及した時期である日本国定期の『高等小学読本』に焦点をあわて、国定1期から第3期まで連続して載せられていた記事を中心にこれらの変化を考察してみた。 その結果、国定1期から第3期まで連続して掲載されている記事は38個ほどで、ほとんどが国民や歴史、理科系と関係あるものであった。教科書の文字は国定1期から漢字平仮名交じり文が多くて、国定3期になると仮名は凡て平仮名を用いていた。但し、国名で平仮名からカタカナへの変化が見られ、特に国定2期の資料では漢字とカタカナ、両方の併用がみられた。次に記事の内容面では次期につれて変化がみられ、本研究では‘同一、類似、違う’という三つに分けた。殆んど類似であり単語や句などが削除または添加されたり、内容が体系的具体的に変わるため表現が追加されたりした場合が多かった。最後に、文法項目として使役表現を察してみたが、表れた使役の形態は‘す,しむ,させる’であってこの中で‘しむ’の用例が多かった。しかし、第3期になると‘せる’の使用頻度が増加しており、使役の変化の様子が確認できた。また国定2期に使役文の主語として無情物が増えりつつ、使役表現でも物事を客観的に述べるような文が表れた。

영어초록

In this paper, I concentrate on The Reader for Higher Elementary Schools from first to third period, published in the nationally designated textbooks. My analysis centers around the changes in these periods, mainly examining the articles included in grammatical entries.
The analysis shows that there were about 38 articles published continuously from the first to the third period, and they were mostly related to people, history, and science subjects. The textbooks were written with a mix of kanji and hiragana characters from the first period. However, the number of katakana characters increased to notate country names, and especially in the second period, both kanji and katakana characters were employed. Next, In the content of the articles, I classify them into the ‘identical’ group, the ‘similar’ group, and the ‘different’ group. In many cases, almost similar words or phrases were removed or added, and some expressions were added when the content was different in a systematic and concrete manner. Finally, I analysis causative expression, The observed causative forms are su, shimu, and saseru of which shimu is most frequently attested. But In third period, the number of seru increases and the number of inanimate subjects, which enables to describe entities in an objective fashion increases.

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