스탈린 시기 고려인 정치탄압 — 고려인 집단농장 톰미 사례 — (Political Oppression of Koryo Saram during the Stalin Period — The case of Tommi, a Koryo Saram kolkhoz —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 수선사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사림 / 87호 / 495 ~ 523페이지
· 저자명 : 홍웅호

초록

The purpose of this article is to reveal the reality and truth of the state's public violence during the Stalin era through the case of political oppression that occurred in Tommi, a small Koryo saram kolkhoz in Gorno-Altai, Siberia.
From January to December 1937, the State Security Committee of the Gorno-Altai Branch of the Altai Region of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs arrested 44 people from the Tommi collective farm, including ethnic Koreans. The Koryo saram were sentenced to death by firing squad in the Troika trial and executed on January 12, 1938.
The alleged crime of the Koryo people of the Tommi Collective Farm is that people who were hostile to the Koryo people and the Soviet power in the Oirot Autonomous Oblast created a counter-revolutionary spy organization that carried out espionage activities for Japan and collected secret national information.
The Russian wives and families of the executed Koreans raised objections after Stalin's death. As a result of the reinvestigation, there was no objective data showing that the defendants were involved in actual criminal activities with counter-revolutionary spies, sabotage and rebellion, or other anti-Soviet organizations. It was a case fabricated by the Oirot State People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs and the Troika. Those involved were punished.
The reason political repression occurred in the Soviet Union was because a scapegoat was needed to reduce crime, eradicate internal enemies, and take responsibility for economic difficulties.
The legal basis for the repression of anti-Soviet elements in the Soviet Union was Article 58 of the Soviet Criminal Code, which provided for provisions and punishments for crimes against the state and counter-revolution. All actions aimed at overthrowing, undermining, or weakening Soviet power were defined as counterrevolution. Those who committed such acts were ‘enemies of the people’ and ‘enemies of the Soviet Union.’ The punishment was either execution by firing squad, which was the highest measure of social protection, or confiscation of property, deprivation of civil rights in the Federal Republic and subsequent Soviet citizenship, and permanent expulsion from the Soviet Union. Under this provision, enemies of the people who were identified as counter-revolutionary organizations or engaged in spying activities were executed by firing squad and had their property confiscated.
The Koryo people in Tommi were sacrificed by the state like that. Now, genuine reflection and apology from the Russian authorities, who inherited the Soviet Union, will be needed. Because no one has the right to take human life.

영어초록

The purpose of this article is to reveal the reality and truth of the state's public violence during the Stalin era through the case of political oppression that occurred in Tommi, a small Koryo saram kolkhoz in Gorno-Altai, Siberia.
From January to December 1937, the State Security Committee of the Gorno-Altai Branch of the Altai Region of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs arrested 44 people from the Tommi collective farm, including ethnic Koreans. The Koryo saram were sentenced to death by firing squad in the Troika trial and executed on January 12, 1938.
The alleged crime of the Koryo people of the Tommi Collective Farm is that people who were hostile to the Koryo people and the Soviet power in the Oirot Autonomous Oblast created a counter-revolutionary spy organization that carried out espionage activities for Japan and collected secret national information.
The Russian wives and families of the executed Koreans raised objections after Stalin's death. As a result of the reinvestigation, there was no objective data showing that the defendants were involved in actual criminal activities with counter-revolutionary spies, sabotage and rebellion, or other anti-Soviet organizations. It was a case fabricated by the Oirot State People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs and the Troika. Those involved were punished.
The reason political repression occurred in the Soviet Union was because a scapegoat was needed to reduce crime, eradicate internal enemies, and take responsibility for economic difficulties.
The legal basis for the repression of anti-Soviet elements in the Soviet Union was Article 58 of the Soviet Criminal Code, which provided for provisions and punishments for crimes against the state and counter-revolution. All actions aimed at overthrowing, undermining, or weakening Soviet power were defined as counterrevolution. Those who committed such acts were ‘enemies of the people’ and ‘enemies of the Soviet Union.’ The punishment was either execution by firing squad, which was the highest measure of social protection, or confiscation of property, deprivation of civil rights in the Federal Republic and subsequent Soviet citizenship, and permanent expulsion from the Soviet Union. Under this provision, enemies of the people who were identified as counter-revolutionary organizations or engaged in spying activities were executed by firing squad and had their property confiscated.
The Koryo people in Tommi were sacrificed by the state like that. Now, genuine reflection and apology from the Russian authorities, who inherited the Soviet Union, will be needed. Because no one has the right to take human life.

참고자료

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