근세 일본 지식인의 요괴 인식 -아키나리의 괴이 수용을 중심으로- (The perception of Yokai among intellectuals in modern Japanese-Focusing on the acceptance of Akinari's monstrous-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일어일문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일어일문학연구 / 124권 / 403 ~ 428페이지
· 저자명 : 김경희

초록

江戸時代には不思議で異質な存在に対する認識が大衆に享有され形成された文化が発達した。怪異なものを見て恐怖感を感じながらも笑いを誘う対象を楽しむ行為は一種の娯楽だった。異質な存在が盛んに文化商品として造られたが、それに対する認識にはさまざまな面があった。怪異が描写され妖怪が享有される文化が遊びのような娯楽的な側面がある中、当時の知識人にはそれがどのように認識され受容されたのかを大阪の文人である秋成を通じて考察してみた。 晩年の秋成が著述した随筆集『胆大小心録』の妖怪論争では、妖怪に対する儒学者たちと秋成の認識にかなりの違いがあった。懐徳堂の儒学者たちは怪異を信じず、鬼神を認めなかった。一方、秋成は怪異なものと妖怪について体験を基盤とした肯定的認識があった。そのような妖怪の受容は、国学者の宣長との日の神論争を通じて見ると、合理的な立場からも相対主義的な態度を示した。その反面、宣長は神話の世界を認めたが、それは自国中心の絶対主義的信念の対象であった。怪異な存在を信じた秋成が著述した怪談作品の中に登場する妖怪たちは、人間の本性の執着を示すための表現手段としてのみ使われたのではなく、人間と共存する異質な存在として登場している点が確認できたと思う。人間中心的思考から抜け出し、人間と非人間を連結する積極的な思考が必要な地点で、近世人の精神文化に注目する意味があろう。

영어초록

In the Edo period, a culture was developed in which strange and mysterious beings were well enjoyed by the public. It was a kind of entertainment to make them feel the fear and at the same time laugh aloud watching those monstrous things. The strange and mysterious beings were vigorously made and became cultural products, but they were not recognized and accepted in the same way by all men. While the culture in which a monster is depicted and 'YOKAI’ are enjoyed has an entertainment aspect such as play, how it was recognized and accepted by intellectuals at that time was examined through Akinari, an Osakian writer in eariy modern times.
Significant differences between Akinari and Confucian scholars on the perception of monsters can be found in their debate over monsters recorded in the collection of essays "Tandai shōshin roku" written in Akinari's later years. The Confucian scholars of Kaitokudō did not believe in nor aknowledge weird and extraordinary beings like ghosts. On the other hand, Akinari had a positive perception based on his personal experiences of strange beings and monsters. The acceptance of monsters showed a relativistic attitude even from a rationalistic perspective when we examined the debate with the Japanese classical scholar Norinaga about the god of the Sun. Though Norinaga recognized the world of mythology, it was mere an object of his own country-centered absolutist beliefs.
The strange monsters embraced in Akinari's ghost story works, were not used as auxiliary expressions to show the obsession of human nature, but as foreign beings that have coexisted with humans. It is meaningful to pay attention to the mental culture of people in modern times as active thinking is needed to connect humans and non-humans, away from human-centered thinking today.

참고자료

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