滄洲 金益熙(1610∼1656)의 政治活動 (Kim Ikhee’s (1610∼1656) Politics)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국민대학교 한국학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 한국학논총 / 37권 / 207 ~ 235페이지
· 저자명 : 지두환

초록

창주 김익희는 사계 김장생의 손자로, 인조대 척화와 효종대 북벌론을 주도했다.
인조 반정 후 약관의 나이로 과거에 급제하여 청요직을 거치며 정묘호란을 당한 당시의 상황에서 척화파의 중심에서 이를 극복할 방안을 강구하였다.
그리고 병자호란을 당해서는 아버지 김반(金槃), 청음 김상헌(金尙憲) 등과 척화를 주장하였다. 병자호란에 강화도에서 어머니와 누나와 동생 김익겸이 순절하니 더욱더 복수설치를 주장하게 되었다.
인조 18년 아버지 돌아가시자 장례를 치루고 백부 김집에게 나아가 배우며 송시열 송준길 등과 교유하며 의리를 강마하였다.
인조 20년 다시 조정에 돌아와 친청파들과 대립하며 대동법 등 개혁과 국방 대책을 강구하였다.
효종이 즉위하자 승지로 나아가 김상헌 김집 등을 모시고 송시열 김홍욱 등과친청파를 몰아내고 북벌을 주도해 나갔다.
효종 7년에는 대제학 이조판서를 역임하며, 송시열 송준길 이유태 등 산림을초빙하여 개혁과 북벌을 주도해갈 것을 효종에게 건의하여 이를 성사시켜 가다가효종 7년 12월에 졸한다.
이러한 정치활동 중에 교유한 송시열 송준길 등의 대전 사림들이 산당의 핵심을 이루며 효종 말년을 주도하고 현종대를 이끌어간다.

영어초록

Kim Ikhee was the grandson of Kim Jangsaeng, a famous Neo-Confucian scholar, politician and educator. He led a hard-line policy against the Manchus promoting Cheokhwa (a policy of rejecting a peace treaty with the Qing)during King Injo’s reign while advocating Bukbeollon (a policy of annexing the northern region) during King Hyojong’s reign.
Kim Ikhee passed the national examination at the age of twenty, some time after King Injo’s enthronement. He gained powerful political positions within the court and during Jeongmyohoran (the First Manchu Invasion of Korea in 1627), as a central member of the Cheokhwapa (a political faction that argued against making peace with the Qing), he devised a plan to drive out the Chinese.
Along with his father Kim Ban and the great scholar Kim Sangheon, Kim Ikhee argued against reconciling with the Qing Dynasty again during Byeongjahoran (the Second Manchu Invasion of Korea in 1636). After his mother, older sister and younger brother Kim Ikgyeom died in Ganghwado Island defending themselves against the attacking Manchus, Kim Ikhee burned even more for revenge against the Qing Dynasty.
Kim’s father died during the 18th year of King Injo’s reign. Once the mourning period ended, Kim Ikhee went to study under Kim Jip, a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, educator and writer. During this period, he kept company with other Neo-Confucian scholars such as Song Siyeol and Song Jungil honing their friendship as well as their minds.
Kim returned to the royal court two years later during the 20th year of King Injo’s reign and while clashing with the Pro-Qing faction, he advocated the Daedongbeop (the Law of Uniform Land Tax) in addition to other reforms and national defense measures.
When King Hyojong ascended the throne, together with his like-minded colleagues such as Song Siyeol and Kim Honguk, Kim took Kim Jip, Kim Sangheon and other teachers to a scenic area and plotted how to drive out the Pro-Qing faction and put Bukbeollon into action all together.
In the 7th year of King Hyojong’s reign, Kim held consecutive positions as the Ijopanseo (a minister of government administration) and invited retired scholars such as Song Siyeol and Song Jungil to advise the king in implementing reforms and Bukbeollon. The king accepted and approved of their suggestions but, Kim died in December of the 7th year of King Hyojong’s reign.
During the course of his political activities, he became a core member of the Sandang, a faction of retired scholars that included Song Siyeol and Song Jungil. He also became a major political leader who held great sway over government policy towards the end of King Hyojong’s reign as well as during King Hyeonjong’s reign.

참고자료

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