오노마토피아 제1자음의 음상징 (Sound Symbolism of Word Initial Consonants in Japanese Onomatopoeia Words)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일어일문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일어일문학연구 / 123권 / 25 ~ 44페이지
· 저자명 : 권연주, 이윤호

초록

言語は恣意性を持つ。そのため、同じ対象でも言語によってそれを表す記号・音声は異なる。しかし、動物の鳴き声を真似て表す言葉には言語を超えた共通点も見られる。呈示された形に無意味語を使って名前をつける「Bouba/Kiki Effect」でも指している対象とその記号(音声)の間には何らかの繋がりがあるように見える。 浜野(2017)では「スクスク」と「クスクス」などを例に、同じ子音であっても単語内の位置によってオノマトペの中での働きが違うと主張した。2モーラのC1VC2V構造のオノマトペの第一子音(C1)は対象の表面の性質を表し、第二子音(C2)は動きを描写すると述べている。 本研究では浜野（2017）の単語内の位置による音象徴をアンケート調査で検証した。18〜21歳の関西地方の大学生を対象に実施したアンケート調査で、浜野(2017)で使われた例文を提示文として使い、オノマトペの部分を埋めるように指示した。その結果、浜野(2017)が主張する音象徴もあれば、他のオノマトペの応答も観察できた。 実験結果の中で浜野(2017)と一致しないところについては、擬音語の使い方をしている点や意味の拡張を考慮に入れると、概ね浜野(2017)の主張と一致していた。主要な結果の他には、一つの対象について複数の種類のオノマトペの使用が目立った。特にp/bを使ったオノマトペ語は生産性が高かった。そのため、p/bがC1として使われた例文から「膨張した表面、張り詰まっていない空洞」という解釈を付けることはできるが、p/bがC1にある全てのオノマトペに「膨張した表面、張り詰まっていない空洞」の意味があるとは解釈出来ないという結果となった。 この結果を踏まえると特定の子音は、例えばk/gのC1は「硬い表面」という分析よりは何故一つの対象に複数のオノマトペが使われ、それぞれの差は何に起因するかを明らかにする必要があると思われる。

영어초록

In languages, words and their meanings are not related. For that, the same target object is expressed in a variety of sounds/forms according to what language they are in. From onomatopoeia words, such as expressions of the sounds of a dog barking, we find a correlation between their meaning and forms(sounds) across languages. And the famous Bouba and Kiki effect(first mentioned in Köhler1929:242) in which the participants were to choose names for a spiky object and a round object from between Bouba and Kiki, we see an association between sounds and meanings that the sounds are directed to.
Comparing Japanese onomatopoeia ‘Sukusuku’ and ‘Kusukusu’, Hamano(2017) suggests that consonants act differently in meaning according to their position in words. Specifically, in a C1VC2V structure, C1 represents the texture or hardness of the object whereas C2 represents an action or movement.
In this study, we collected responses from Japanese speakers who speak the Kansai dialect, to verify the claim of Hamano(2017). The participants are all college students, and they are between 18 and 21 inage. In the experiment, participants were asked to fill a gap in each sentence with onomatopoeia words. All the presented sentences in the experiment are from Hamano(2017). Mostly the result shows similarities with Hamano(2017), though there were some discrepancies as well.
Some of those responses represent sounds that the target object was making rather than appearances. Taking meaning extensions into account when interpreting the discrepancies, we conclude the claim of Hamano(2017) was valid.
Other than the main result, we found one form of onomatopoeia could be used in various settings. Especially p/b sounds are the most productive in onomatopoeia usage. As a result, we may interpret a word with /p, b/ in the word-initial position as a vacant space, but it does not necessarily mean that any vacant space can be represented only with /p/ or /b/. The correlation between the sound and meaning shows many to many rather than one to one even when we consider the position of the consonants in words as Hanamo(2017) has proposed. We find the necessity of further research that focuses on minimal pairs in onomatopoeia usage.

참고자료

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