尹瓘의 生涯와 活動 (The Life and Activity of Yun Gwan(尹瓘))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국중세사연구 / 32호 / 7 ~ 35페이지
· 저자명 : 남인국

초록

Yun Gwan passed the civil service examination in the 27th year of King Munjong's reign and thereafter was in the government service. He was well-known for his activities recorded in the “Biography of Yun Gwan” in volume 9 of Goryeosa, or History of Goryeo. He advised King Sukjong to create a new military force, the Byeolmuban, or Extraordinary Military Corps, in the 9th year of the king's reign；and as commander-in-chief of the force, along with Deputy Commander O Yeon-chong, he launched a massive attack against the Nuzhens, occupied the Hamheung plain, built the so-called Nine Forts there, and garrisoned them for defense against the Nuzhens.
Yun Gwan once went to Qidan Liao to notified it of legitimacy of King Sukjong who succeeded the throne through a coup, and advised or actively engaged in carrying out various policy recommendations relating to consolidation of royal power in the reign of the king. He, as a person in charge of the civil service examination, administered the examinations and wrote the monumental inscription of the Buddhist monk Euicheon.
Yun's political position that had been established in the reign of Sukjong continued into the early reign of King Yejong, which was demonstrated by the fact that he was appointed to the supervisor of the project to build the Buddhist temple Cheonsusa and the commander of the Byeolmuban army. After subjugating the Nuzhens and building Nine Forts, Yun led Goryeo's domestic politics. After returning the Nine Forts to the Nuzhens and subsequent Goryeo defeats at the hands of them, however, he was in difficulties in his political career. For example, at the time, his title of merit subject was rescinded. Thereafter, despite his repeated courteous refusal, Yejong, in the 5th year of his reign, appointed him to the position of prime minister plenipotentiary, recovering his impaired reputation. He died as prime minister in June of the next year.
Thanks to his renowned position through the reigns of Sukjong and Yejong, he got related by marriage to Yu Hong and Im Eui, who had marital relations with the royal house. He also forged marital relations with powerful figures who served as directors of the Directorate of Chancellors and Directorate of Advisers and led domestic politics, enhancing his family's reputation. The inclusion of his familial lineage in the renowned families of chancellors that could forge a marital relationship with the royal family in the reign of King Chungseon dated back to him.
It is certain that Yun Gwan rendered distinguished services in subjugating the Nuzhens and building of the Nine Forts. But this was just a part of his activities. He passed the difficult civil service examination and also administered the examinations, wrote memorial inscription of Euicheon, and participated in royal teaching and lectured on Confucian scriptures. He was also in charge of compiling Goryeo history. He was described in volume 96 of History of Goryeo as a person who “when he was young he liked to study and always read books；even when he served as commander-in-chief of Goryeo forces to subjugate Nuzhens, he kept five Confucian classics with him；and he stood first in preferring good-natured people and taking pleasure in goodness”. In sum, Yun Gwan was a politician as well as a civil official equipped with scholarly talent and military strategy.

영어초록

Yun Gwan passed the civil service examination in the 27th year of King Munjong's reign and thereafter was in the government service. He was well-known for his activities recorded in the “Biography of Yun Gwan” in volume 9 of Goryeosa, or History of Goryeo. He advised King Sukjong to create a new military force, the Byeolmuban, or Extraordinary Military Corps, in the 9th year of the king's reign；and as commander-in-chief of the force, along with Deputy Commander O Yeon-chong, he launched a massive attack against the Nuzhens, occupied the Hamheung plain, built the so-called Nine Forts there, and garrisoned them for defense against the Nuzhens.
Yun Gwan once went to Qidan Liao to notified it of legitimacy of King Sukjong who succeeded the throne through a coup, and advised or actively engaged in carrying out various policy recommendations relating to consolidation of royal power in the reign of the king. He, as a person in charge of the civil service examination, administered the examinations and wrote the monumental inscription of the Buddhist monk Euicheon.
Yun's political position that had been established in the reign of Sukjong continued into the early reign of King Yejong, which was demonstrated by the fact that he was appointed to the supervisor of the project to build the Buddhist temple Cheonsusa and the commander of the Byeolmuban army. After subjugating the Nuzhens and building Nine Forts, Yun led Goryeo's domestic politics. After returning the Nine Forts to the Nuzhens and subsequent Goryeo defeats at the hands of them, however, he was in difficulties in his political career. For example, at the time, his title of merit subject was rescinded. Thereafter, despite his repeated courteous refusal, Yejong, in the 5th year of his reign, appointed him to the position of prime minister plenipotentiary, recovering his impaired reputation. He died as prime minister in June of the next year.
Thanks to his renowned position through the reigns of Sukjong and Yejong, he got related by marriage to Yu Hong and Im Eui, who had marital relations with the royal house. He also forged marital relations with powerful figures who served as directors of the Directorate of Chancellors and Directorate of Advisers and led domestic politics, enhancing his family's reputation. The inclusion of his familial lineage in the renowned families of chancellors that could forge a marital relationship with the royal family in the reign of King Chungseon dated back to him.
It is certain that Yun Gwan rendered distinguished services in subjugating the Nuzhens and building of the Nine Forts. But this was just a part of his activities. He passed the difficult civil service examination and also administered the examinations, wrote memorial inscription of Euicheon, and participated in royal teaching and lectured on Confucian scriptures. He was also in charge of compiling Goryeo history. He was described in volume 96 of History of Goryeo as a person who “when he was young he liked to study and always read books；even when he served as commander-in-chief of Goryeo forces to subjugate Nuzhens, he kept five Confucian classics with him；and he stood first in preferring good-natured people and taking pleasure in goodness”. In sum, Yun Gwan was a politician as well as a civil official equipped with scholarly talent and military strategy.

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