종합격투기 선수들의 심부 목근육 강화 훈련이 경부장애 지수 및 목근육 발달에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Mixed Martial Arts (“MMA”) Players’ Deep Neck Muscle Strengthening Training on Their Cervical Disability Index (“CDI”) and Neck Muscle Development)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국발육발달학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국발육발달학회지 / 27권 / 1호 / 1 ~ 5페이지
· 저자명 : 김영균, 김남익, 박태섭, 김상진

초록

Neck pain is a frequent symptom in modern people, so about 70% of people complain of neck pain once or more in their life(Côté, Cassidy, Carroll, Kristman, 2004). In particular, as people use smpartphones or computers in increasing hours, they take a wrong posture thus suffering chronic neck pain. In addition, people complain of acute pain due to neck injuries (whiplash) associated with car accidents, which can lead to chronic pain. Interestingly, those people who suffer such chronic or acute pain commonly develop compensatory action for a weakened deep cervical flexor, for delayed activation, and for sternocleidomastoid muscle, it was reported (Jull, Kristjansson, Dall’Alba, 2004). Deep cervical flexor has Longus Capitis and Longus Colli. It is was reported that these two deep muscles flex the neck in front of the cervical vertebrae, and help stabilize the cervical vertebrae thus alleviating the pain (Mayoux-Benhamou, Revel, Vallee, Roudier, Barbet, Bargy, 1994; Falla, O’Leary, Farina, Jull, 2012). According to recent studies on the neck, it was reported that, in patients who have an experience of acute or chronic neck pain, these two muscles weaken and lower activation does not occur properly (Jull et al., 2004). It was also reported that, if the deep cervical flexor experiences delayed activation in the deep cervical flexion process, the cervical stability may decrease(Falla, Jull, Hodges, 2004). This phenomenon-caused excessive activation of cervical superficial muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, occurred in those people who suffered neck pain(Falla et al., 2004). Jull(2000) proposed the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Test(C-CFT) in order to conduct the deep cervical muscle activation test and development. For the test, the patient lies on the back, a pressure sensor is positioned in the occipital bone behind the neck, the reading is adjusted to 20 mmHg, and the patient slowly pulls down his jaw to flex the cervical vertebrae. At this time, the patient sees the pressure sensor and maintains the cervical flexion for 5 seconds so as to increase the pressure from 2 mmHg to a maximum of 10 mmHg, before taking a 10- second break. This exercise method proved to be effective in easing the neck pain. In addition, Lee, Park, Kim(2013) reported that this exercise proved effective in reducing the so-called turtle neck, the cervical lordotic angle, thus recovering the cervical lordotic angle in those patients who have come to have a straight line-like cervical vertebrae (Lee, Park, Kim, 2013). In boxing or MMA, punching can cause whiplash like in car accidents, thus injuring the neck and the head (Bartsch, Benzel, Miele, Morr, Prakash, 2012). Punching not simply causes whiplash but also is coupled with spins and increases the danger of suffering injury in the neck and head. In boxing, the headgear can prevent the brain damage and the neck injury due to whiplash, so amateur boxers are required to wear the headgear. However, MMA players are not found to wear the headgear. Then, to ease the neck pain and to prevent the neck injury, MMA players are deemed to be required to reinforce not only large muscles in the superficial layer in the neck but also in the deep flexor.
Jull(2000)’s C-CFT, which proved its effects, have applied to multiple studies. The patient, while lying on theback, is given feedback using a pressure gauge, by increasing the neck downward-pressing pressure so as to derive the deep flexor activation. However, if there is a method to produce the same effect in MMA players without using a pressure gauge, it can be expected that the patient can easily reinforce the deep cervical flexor so as to ease the neck pain and to prevent cervical injuries. If a method can be presented to do that exercise easily without a pressure sensor, it will greatly help ease the neck pain in not only MMA players but ordinary people and ensure the cervical curvature recovery.

영어초록

Neck pain is a frequent symptom in modern people, so about 70% of people complain of neck pain once or more in their life(Côté, Cassidy, Carroll, Kristman, 2004). In particular, as people use smpartphones or computers in increasing hours, they take a wrong posture thus suffering chronic neck pain. In addition, people complain of acute pain due to neck injuries (whiplash) associated with car accidents, which can lead to chronic pain. Interestingly, those people who suffer such chronic or acute pain commonly develop compensatory action for a weakened deep cervical flexor, for delayed activation, and for sternocleidomastoid muscle, it was reported (Jull, Kristjansson, Dall’Alba, 2004). Deep cervical flexor has Longus Capitis and Longus Colli. It is was reported that these two deep muscles flex the neck in front of the cervical vertebrae, and help stabilize the cervical vertebrae thus alleviating the pain (Mayoux-Benhamou, Revel, Vallee, Roudier, Barbet, Bargy, 1994; Falla, O’Leary, Farina, Jull, 2012). According to recent studies on the neck, it was reported that, in patients who have an experience of acute or chronic neck pain, these two muscles weaken and lower activation does not occur properly (Jull et al., 2004). It was also reported that, if the deep cervical flexor experiences delayed activation in the deep cervical flexion process, the cervical stability may decrease(Falla, Jull, Hodges, 2004). This phenomenon-caused excessive activation of cervical superficial muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, occurred in those people who suffered neck pain(Falla et al., 2004). Jull(2000) proposed the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Test(C-CFT) in order to conduct the deep cervical muscle activation test and development. For the test, the patient lies on the back, a pressure sensor is positioned in the occipital bone behind the neck, the reading is adjusted to 20 mmHg, and the patient slowly pulls down his jaw to flex the cervical vertebrae. At this time, the patient sees the pressure sensor and maintains the cervical flexion for 5 seconds so as to increase the pressure from 2 mmHg to a maximum of 10 mmHg, before taking a 10- second break. This exercise method proved to be effective in easing the neck pain. In addition, Lee, Park, Kim(2013) reported that this exercise proved effective in reducing the so-called turtle neck, the cervical lordotic angle, thus recovering the cervical lordotic angle in those patients who have come to have a straight line-like cervical vertebrae (Lee, Park, Kim, 2013). In boxing or MMA, punching can cause whiplash like in car accidents, thus injuring the neck and the head (Bartsch, Benzel, Miele, Morr, Prakash, 2012). Punching not simply causes whiplash but also is coupled with spins and increases the danger of suffering injury in the neck and head. In boxing, the headgear can prevent the brain damage and the neck injury due to whiplash, so amateur boxers are required to wear the headgear. However, MMA players are not found to wear the headgear. Then, to ease the neck pain and to prevent the neck injury, MMA players are deemed to be required to reinforce not only large muscles in the superficial layer in the neck but also in the deep flexor.
Jull(2000)’s C-CFT, which proved its effects, have applied to multiple studies. The patient, while lying on theback, is given feedback using a pressure gauge, by increasing the neck downward-pressing pressure so as to derive the deep flexor activation. However, if there is a method to produce the same effect in MMA players without using a pressure gauge, it can be expected that the patient can easily reinforce the deep cervical flexor so as to ease the neck pain and to prevent cervical injuries. If a method can be presented to do that exercise easily without a pressure sensor, it will greatly help ease the neck pain in not only MMA players but ordinary people and ensure the cervical curvature recovery.

참고자료

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