‘트랜스내셔널 전환’과 새로운 역사적 이민연구 (‘Transnational Turn’ and New Historical Migration Research)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 103호 / 315 ~ 342페이지
· 저자명 : 이용일

초록

Migration is a historical phenomenon which is older than the settlement. So the history of migration is as old as the history of mankind. However, the migration began to acquire a social attention in the era of the industrialization and the urbanization of Europe. The systematic research on migration began even later, exactly in the 1920s of the 20th century in the United States as the typical immigration country. The chicago school of sociology which focused upon the migrants and the ethnic minorities in the metropole of the United States led this new wave of the research. From the 1920s and recent times, most migration research focused upon the adjustment of migrants to the society of immigration rather than upon the relation of migrants with the homeland. The classical theories of migration analyzed the international migration as a change from one national space to another national space.
Since the early 1990s ‘the transnational turn’ triggered a paradigm shift for migration research, many migration researcher recognized that migrants maintain a special relationship and strong networks with peoples in their homelands and the human migration means a circular flow of persons between the countries of origin and destination. Especially some of cultural anthropologists who were concerned primarily with the latin american migrants in the United States were the pioneering group of the transnational migration research. They defined transnationalism as the ‘process by which transmigrants, through their daily activities, forge and sustain multi-stranded social, economic, and political relations that link together their societies of origin and settlement, and through which they create transnational social fields that cross national borders’. While the new perspective on migration catalyze a boom of transnational migration studies in almost all disciplines, there are critics of transnational migration research: most empirical transnational migration research which focus in particular on a certain ethnic group cannot generalize all diverse forms of migration. In other words, not all immigrants are transmigrants. In addition, the core issue of diasporas is still the adjustment of migrants to a new situation in land of destination. Therefore, the research on migration should always be operated in historical context. This is a reason for the rise of new historical migration research in the future that combines the transnational perspective and the historical context.

영어초록

Migration is a historical phenomenon which is older than the settlement. So the history of migration is as old as the history of mankind. However, the migration began to acquire a social attention in the era of the industrialization and the urbanization of Europe. The systematic research on migration began even later, exactly in the 1920s of the 20th century in the United States as the typical immigration country. The chicago school of sociology which focused upon the migrants and the ethnic minorities in the metropole of the United States led this new wave of the research. From the 1920s and recent times, most migration research focused upon the adjustment of migrants to the society of immigration rather than upon the relation of migrants with the homeland. The classical theories of migration analyzed the international migration as a change from one national space to another national space.
Since the early 1990s ‘the transnational turn’ triggered a paradigm shift for migration research, many migration researcher recognized that migrants maintain a special relationship and strong networks with peoples in their homelands and the human migration means a circular flow of persons between the countries of origin and destination. Especially some of cultural anthropologists who were concerned primarily with the latin american migrants in the United States were the pioneering group of the transnational migration research. They defined transnationalism as the ‘process by which transmigrants, through their daily activities, forge and sustain multi-stranded social, economic, and political relations that link together their societies of origin and settlement, and through which they create transnational social fields that cross national borders’. While the new perspective on migration catalyze a boom of transnational migration studies in almost all disciplines, there are critics of transnational migration research: most empirical transnational migration research which focus in particular on a certain ethnic group cannot generalize all diverse forms of migration. In other words, not all immigrants are transmigrants. In addition, the core issue of diasporas is still the adjustment of migrants to a new situation in land of destination. Therefore, the research on migration should always be operated in historical context. This is a reason for the rise of new historical migration research in the future that combines the transnational perspective and the historical context.

참고자료

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