일본 근세의 피차별인과 예능인의 구제 (A Study on the Relief of Discriminatory Persons in Edo era)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일본언어문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일본언어문화 / 59호 / 181 ~ 199페이지
· 저자명 : 편용우

초록

日本の近世時代には、飢饉、地震、火災、疫病などの災害が多かった。江戸幕府は、災害による罹災民の救護に積極的であった。御救小屋を建て貧民に食料や金を給付し、健康と生活を支援した。しかし幕府による貧民救済は、戸籍に登録された江戸の平民だけが対象であった。穢多、非人、芸能人のような被差別民は、幕府の貧民救済システムの対象にならなかった。被差別民を支配していた穢多頭の弾左衛門が災害時にも彼らを管理していたことが考えられる。ただ皮革加工、武具生産の担当をしていた穢多や物貰いをする非人は、平民と比べて比較的に災害時にも生活の余裕があったと考えられる。芸能人も、芸を利用して災害地から離れて流浪しながら生活を営むことができたので、災害の影響は少なかったと思われる。江戸時代に絶対的な人気を博していた歌舞伎は、飢饉や疫病の災害の時にも公演を続けていた。歌舞伎劇場が火災や地震により壊れたり資金難により潰れたりしても、歌舞伎俳優は他の劇場に出演することができた。災害時にも生活の面では影響が少なかったのである。

영어초록

During Japan’s modern era, there were many disasters such as famine, earthquakes, fires and epidemics. The Edo Shogunate was active in helping the victims of disasters. He built a rescue hut and provided food and money to the poor to support their health and livelihood. However, the shogunate’s relief of the poor was only for ordinary people in Edo who were registered in the family register. People who were discriminated against, such as Eta(穢多), Hinin(非人), and entertainers, were not subject to the shogunate’s system of relief for the poor. It can be thought that Tanzaemon, who ruled the discriminated population, managed them even in the event of a disaster. However, it is considered that the impure people who were in charge of leather processing and armour production and the begging Hinin(非人) had relatively more room to live in the event of a disaster than ordinary people. It seems that the effects of the disaster were small because celebrities were able to live by wandering away from the disaster area using their performances.Kabuki, which was absolutely popular in the Edo period, continued to perform during famine and plague disasters.Even if the Kabuki theater was destroyed by fire or earthquake or collapsed due to financial difficulties, Kabuki actors were able to perform in other theaters.Even in the event of a disaster, the impact on life was small.

참고자료

· 없음