基于女性视角的南宋界画中庭园造景手法研究 (Research on Garden Landscaping Techniques in Southern Song Boundary Paintings from a Female Perspective)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국동양예술학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양예술 / 64호 / 5 ~ 25페이지
· 저자명 : QIAN JING, 김원경

초록

中国的庭园（园林）展现了独特的传统居住形态和高雅的景观美学。园林景观设计涉及建筑学、植物学等学科的专业知识，而作为庭园主要的拥有者和使用者，文人和画家也参与了设计与建造，从而反映他们的审美趣味，代表了高级的上层社会文化。特别是到了南宋时期，中国园林的建造达到了鼎盛期，而以园林为题材的界画也迎来了黄金时代。园林景观和界画虽然属于不同的艺术门类，但对环境视觉美感的追求是一致的，二者具有异质同构性，因此这两者在内容上存在密切的关联。
本文以南宋时期的两幅扇面界画『万花春睡图』与『仙馆秾花图』为研究对象，分析其中的园林景观设计。通过文献研究和图像分析，本文详细探讨并比较了『万花春睡图』和『仙倌侬花图』中的园林布局及传统景观涉及方法，涵盖了庭园建筑布局、山石水体、步道设置、植物花木等造景要素，进一步解释了界画与庭园造景手法之间的艺术转化。这两幅界画呈现的是女性群体于宅邸庭园中享受清闲之乐与观物之乐的场景，深入展示了当时女性的日常生活。通过研究发现，当时园林设计已深入考虑女性在庭园中的日常活动需求，作品中的景观内容与造园形式也充分反映出细腻、雅致的女性视角影响。
研究发现，画家们准确理解了造园家的意图，并在『万花春睡图』和『仙倌侬花图』中表现了以园林为背景的女性日常生活的一个侧面，画中的景观内容和形式充分反映了细腻和精致的女性庭园生活及女性对园林造景的影响。结合当时女性的庭园活动，揭示出界画题材选择与园林造景手法之间相互借鉴的关系，并明确了这一时期庭园的日常使用状况和南宋庭园造景艺术的发展和特征。

영어초록

This paper examines garden landscaping in the Southern Song dynasty through the analysis of two fan paintings, “Spring Slumber Among a Myriad of Flowers”and “Blooming Flowers in an Immortal's Pavilion”. Traditional Chinese garden aesthetics, a reflection of sophisticated upper-class culture, evolved through the convergence of scientific and professional knowledge in architecture and botany, as well as the aesthetic preferences of literati and painters who participated in the design and construction process. As a result, these gardens became representative of refined high culture. During the Southern Song period, Chinese garden architecture not only reached its peak but also coincided with the golden age of garden painting.
Although garden landscaping and garden painting are distinct artistic genres, they share a heterogeneous isomorphism in their pursuit of visual beauty, developing in close relation to each other. Through literature review and image analysis, this study thoroughly examines and compares the garden layouts and traditional landscaping techniques depicted in “Spring Slumber Among a Myriad of Flowers” and “Blooming Flowers in an Immortal's Pavilion”. The analysis focuses on the arrangement of architectural structures, rocks, and ponds, as well as pathways, plants, and flowers, to explain the artistic transition between garden painting and garden landscaping techniques.Both paintings depict women enjoying the pleasures of leisure (清闲之乐) and observation of nature (观物之乐) within the gardens of their residences. These works offer deep insight into the daily lives of women at the time, revealing that garden design carefully incorporated elements that catered to their everyday activities.
The painters, fully aware of the intentions of garden designers, vividly capture a slice of women’s daily life against the backdrop of a garden in “Spring Slumber Among a Myriad of Flowers”and “Blooming Flowers in an Immortal's Pavilion”. These paintings subtly and elegantly reflect the influence of female-centric perspectives on the content and form of the garden landscapes depicted.By connecting the depiction of women's daily activities in the garden with garden painting, this study highlights the close relationship between the purpose of the garden and landscaping techniques. It sheds light on a particular aspect of the development and characteristics of garden art in the Southern Song dynasty.

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