『삼국유사』 武王 條와 <薯童謠>의 의미 고찰 (Study on the meaning of and King Mu section(武王條) of 『Samgukyusa(三國遺事)』)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고전문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 고전문학연구 / 57호 / 5 ~ 55페이지
· 저자명 : 황병익

초록

백제 武王은 수·당·고구려와의 균형 외교를 통해 강대국에게 피해를 입지 않고, 백제가 신라보다 힘이 열세인 순간에 신라와의 혼인을 통해 평화를 유지한, 才智와 덕행을 갖춘 인물이다. 추산 결과, 무왕은 570년경, 선화공주는 586～595년에 태어났고, 무왕은 40년이 넘는 재위기간동안에 의자왕의 어머니, 善花公主, 翹岐와 관련된 여인, 沙宅氏 등 3～4명의 왕비를 두었다. <대당평백제국비명>의 親隣과 <취리산회맹>의 親姻은 “혼인으로 맺어진 친척”을 말하는데, 이는 진평왕과 무왕이 맺은 인척관계를 언급한 것이다. 익산은 군사적·지리적 요충지로서, 백성들은 전쟁의 종식과 평화의 도래를 바랐을 것인데, 무왕은 익산에 미륵사와 목탑·석탑을 조성하여 익산을 미륵불이 하생할 미래·희망 공간으로 만들고 안정을 유지하고자 했다.
<서동요>를 해독하면, “선화공주님은/ᄂᆞᆷ 그ᅀᅳᆨ 어러두고(어러노코)/맛둥 房ᄋᆞᆯ/바ᄆᆡ 알안겨가다.”가 되고, 이를 의역하면 “선화공주님은/(맛둥 서방과) 남몰래 정을 통해놓고,/맛둥의 집(막)을 향해/밤에 꼭 껴 안겨 간다.”가 된다. ‘幕’은 “겨우 비바람을 막을 정도로 임시로 지은 거처”이다. 시집도 안 간 공주가 임의로 제 짝을 정하고, 밤이 되면 새가 알을 품는 것처럼 알 안기어 다닌다고 꾸며댔으니 이는 선화공주를 궁에서 쫓겨나게 할 만큼 치명적인 사건이 되었다.
<서동요>는 보편적으로 알려진 <남 놀리는 노래>나 남녀가 어울릴 때 부르는 <놀림말> 노래의 틀 속에 서동이 치밀하게 꾸미고 계획한 서사를 담은 詭策의 노래이다. 표면적으로는 선화공주가 남몰래 남자를 사귀어 안고 다니니 행실이 부정하다고 깎아내리지만, 내면적으로는 아름답기로 소문 난 선화를 좋아하여 ‘다른 사람이 아닌 내 사람이 되었으면’ 하는 바람을 담고 있다. 모두 서동이 꾸미고 계획한 일이니, 서동은 ‘공주가 궁궐에서 쫓겨나면, 내가 안고가야지’, 또는 ‘공주가 궁궐에서 쫓겨나면 결국은 내게 안기게 되겠지’라는 속셈을 갖고 있었을 수도 있겠다.

영어초록

King Mu of Baekje was a person full of tact and capacity who protected Baekje from the great powers through balanced diplomacy with Sui, Tang, and Goguryeo, and established peace with rival Silla when Baekje became weaker than Silla by forming a matrimonial relationship. It is estimated that King Mu was born around 570 and Princess Seonhwa was born between 586 and 595. During his reign of 40 years, King Mu had three or four Queen Consorts(the mother of King Uija, Princess Seonhwa, a woman related to Gyogi(翹岐), and Lady Sataek). Chinlin(親隣) in <Daedang- PyeongBaekjeguk-Bimyeong大唐平百濟國碑銘> and Chinin(親姻) in <Churisan Hoemaeng就利山會盟)> mean “relatives by marriage,” refering that King Jinpyeong and King Mu formed the relation by marriage. Iksan is a key traffic and defence point and the people wished for an end to the war and prayed for peace. By building Mireuksa Temple including an wooden pagoda, and stone pagodas, King Mu sought to establish Iksan as a place for peace and hope where Maitreya Buddha will descend and to keep the region stable.
The decoding of <Seodongyo> is as follows : Princess Seonhwa/ secretly became intimate/with Matdung Seobang(the man named Seodong)./Nestled in his arms, she sneaks to Seodong's shanty(幕) at night.)" 'shanty' is "a place temporarily built to protect against rain and wind." As the rumor was spreading that the unmarried princess hit on a random guy and the man is carrying her around in his arms like a bird is holding its egg, the reputation of the princess was so tarnished that the princess was expelled from the place.
<Seodongyo> is a song of deception(詭策) containing the narratives carefully schemed and planned by Seodong in a form of a common <taunting song> or sexually <teasing song>. On the outside, the song was designed to ruin the reputation of Princess Seonhwa, claiming that she is an unchaste woman as she secretly engaged in intimate relations with a man and was being carried in his arms. However, on the inside, Seodong put his wish into the song that he wanted to make her to be his and not someone else's since he fell for Princess Seonhwa who was famous for her beauty. Everything was designed and planned by Seodong. Therefore, Seodong might had the intention that 'If the princess is banished from the palace, I will have her in my arms,' or 'If the princess is kicked out of the palace, she will eventually nestle herself in my arms.'

참고자료

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