동일본 대지진 구조현장에 파견된 소방공무원의 외상후스트레스장애 및 관련요인(요약제목: 해외 파견된 소방공무원의 외상후스트레스장애) (PTSD and Related Factors among Dispatched Firefighters to Rescue Sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake (Running head: Dispatched Firefighters’ PTSD))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한직업환경의학회
· 수록지 정보 : Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / 24권 / 2호 / 167 ~ 179페이지
· 저자명 : 양미현, 김해준, 이은일, 최재욱

초록

목적: 해외 재난 현장에 파견된 소방공무원의 PTSD 정도와 관련요인을 분석하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다.
방법: 2011년 3월 12일부터 3월 23일까지 일본 동부지역 대지진과 해일로 인한 재난현장에 파견된 국제구조대소속 소방공무원 104명을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여설문 응답자 73명의 자료를 분석하였다. 설문지는 일반적특성과 사건충격척도, 대처방식척도, 사회적지지 지각,외상후 스트레스 진단척도를 포함하였다. 수집된 자료는기술통계, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, Fisher’s exact test, χ2-test, 로지스틱 회귀분석 등을 실시하였다.
결과: 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 38.6세(SD=5.7)이었고, 평균 근무경력은 11.6년(SD=6.0)이었다. IES-R-K 총점 25점을 절단점으로 한 PTSD 고위험군은 9.6%(7명)이었다. PTSD 고위험군의 총근무경력 평균순위는53.5로 PTSD 저위험군의 평균순위인 35.2보다 유의하게 높았다. PTSD 고위험군은 사회적 지지 중 평가적 지지에 대해 지각한 평균순위가 20.2로, PTSD 저위험군의 평균순위인 38.7보다 유의하게 낮았다. PTSD 고위험군 여부를 종속변수로 한 로지스틱 회귀분석에서, 독립변수로 PDS를 포함한 경우 PDS 점수가 증가할수록, 총근무경력이 증가할수록, 대처방식을 많이 사용할수록PTSD 고위험군이 될 위험도는 각각 2.18, 3.42, 1.35배 높아졌고, 사회적지지에 대한 지각이 높을수록 위험도는 0.84배 낮아졌고 유의하였다. 독립변수에서 PDS를제외한 경우 대처 방식을 많이 사용할수록 위험도는1.14배 증가하였고, 사회적지지에 대한 지각이 높을수록위험도는 0.95배 낮아졌고 유의하였다.
결론: 해외 파견 소방공무원에 대한 연구에서 PTSD 고위험군이 될 위험도는 특정 스트레스 상황에 대처방식을 많이 사용하고 사회적 지지에 대한 지각이 낮을수록높아짐을 나타냈다. 추후 해외 재난에 파견되는 소방공무원들의 외상성증후군을 예방하기 위하여 외상성 사건에효과적으로 대처할 수 있는 방식과 어려운 상황에서 임무를 수행하고 있지만 사회로부터 지지를 얻을 수 있는 자원이 풍부함을 지각할 수 있는 심리적 지원에 대한 접근이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

영어초록

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its related factors among firefighters dispatched to the rescue sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake in 2011.
Methods: Among 104 male firefighters dispatched to rescue sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake,73 firefighters were assessed. The 73 firefighters completed questionnaires, which include general characteristics,an impact of event scale-revised Korean version (IES-R-K), a coping checklist, a scale of perceived social support, and a post-traumatic stress diagnostic scale (PDS). The data was analyzed to find factors related to PTSD risk.
Results: The mean value of age and work tenure in this study were 38.6 years (SD=5.7) and 11.6years (SD=6.0), respectively. The number and rate of the PTSD high-risk group in dispatched firefighters in this study was 7 cases and 9.6% using IES-R-K, with an over 25-point cutoff score. The mean rank of tenure, 53.5 in the PTSD high-risk group (n=7), was significantly higher than that of 32.2 in the PTSD low-risk group (n=66). The mean rank of assessable support, 20.2 in the PTSD high-risk group was significantly lower than that of 38.7 in the PTSD low-risk group. In logistic analysis of model 1 including PDS in independent variables, were associated with being a PTSD high-risk group as in the following:higher PDS score (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.07~4.46), longer tenure (OR 3.42, 95% CI: 1.01~11.89), more using coping method (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00~1.81), and lower perceptions of social support (OR 0.84,95% CI: 0.72~0.97). In logistic analysis of model 2 without PDS in independent variables, more using coping method (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01~1.28) and lower perceptions of social support (OR 0.95, 95% CI:0.91~0.98) were associated with being a PTSD high-risk group.
Conclusion: The PTSD high-risk group in dispatched firefighters indicated that their odds ratios were increased when they used more coping methods under specific stress conditions and had lower perceptions of social support. Therefore, for those, who might be dispatched to overseas, the psychological support approach should be considered to produce effective coping methods against traumatic events and to be aware of abundant resources for social support regarding the problem.Objectives: This study aims to investigate the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its related factors among firefighters dispatched to the rescue sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake in 2011.
Methods: Among 104 male firefighters dispatched to rescue sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake,73 firefighters were assessed. The 73 firefighters completed questionnaires, which include general characteristics,an impact of event scale-revised Korean version (IES-R-K), a coping checklist, a scale of perceived social support, and a post-traumatic stress diagnostic scale (PDS). The data was analyzed to find factors related to PTSD risk.
Results: The mean value of age and work tenure in this study were 38.6 years (SD=5.7) and 11.6years (SD=6.0), respectively. The number and rate of the PTSD high-risk group in dispatched firefighters in this study was 7 cases and 9.6% using IES-R-K, with an over 25-point cutoff score. The mean rank of tenure, 53.5 in the PTSD high-risk group (n=7), was significantly higher than that of 32.2 in the PTSD low-risk group (n=66). The mean rank of assessable support, 20.2 in the PTSD high-risk group was significantly lower than that of 38.7 in the PTSD low-risk group. In logistic analysis of model 1 including PDS in independent variables, were associated with being a PTSD high-risk group as in the following:higher PDS score (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.07~4.46), longer tenure (OR 3.42, 95% CI: 1.01~11.89), more using coping method (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00~1.81), and lower perceptions of social support (OR 0.84,95% CI: 0.72~0.97). In logistic analysis of model 2 without PDS in independent variables, more using coping method (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01~1.28) and lower perceptions of social support (OR 0.95, 95% CI:0.91~0.98) were associated with being a PTSD high-risk group.
Conclusion: The PTSD high-risk group in dispatched firefighters indicated that their odds ratios were increased when they used more coping methods under specific stress conditions and had lower perceptions of social support. Therefore, for those, who might be dispatched to overseas, the psychological support approach should be considered to produce effective coping methods against traumatic events and to be aware of abundant resources for social support regarding the problem.

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