자색 옷에 관한 역사적 고찰(눅 16:19-31) (The Powerful Man Dressed in Purple and the Beggar Named Lazarus (Lk. 16:19-31))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국신약학회
· 수록지 정보 : 신약논단 / 19권 / 1호 / 1 ~ 36페이지
· 저자명 : 류호성

초록

소위 ‘부자와 거지 나사로’(눅 16:19-31)의 비유는 누가복음에만 등장한다. 우리는 이 비유를 주로 경제적 측면에서 해석해 왔다. 곧 “돈이 많은부자는 매일 즐거운 잔치를 벌이면서, 가난한 거지 나사로에게 자선을 베풀지 않았다. 이에 대한 대가로 부자는 죽어서 음부에 갔고, 나사로는 천국에 갔다”는 것이다. 이러한 해석은 이 비유에 등장하는 ‘자색 옷’을 입은 자에 대한 1세기 팔레스틴의 역사적 정황을 고려하지 않은 것이다. 고대 세계에서 ‘자색 옷’은 최고의 통치자들에게만 허용된 의복이었다. 그러기에 누가복음 이 비유는 정치적 시각에서 새롭게 조명되어야 한다. ‘자색옷’을 최고의 권력자들이 입었다는 것은 신구약성서와 요세푸스 문헌에잘 나타나 있다. 또한 1세기 로마 황제의 복식제도는 이를 강력하게 뒷받침 한다.

영어초록

With a special emphasis on the economic aspect of the story,most readers have come to an understanding that Luke 16:19-31 is about a rich man, dressed in purple and fine linen, feasted sumptuously,and every day gave no mercy to a poor man called Lazarus. The poor man died and was carried away by the angels to be with Abraham. The rich man also died and found himself in Hades because of his unmerciful actions. But this approach cannot lead to a thorough understanding of the rich man who was dressed in purple. We think that the rich man in Luke 16:19 was a rich man because he had too much money, but he was also a powerful man. In ancient times, people used to reveal their social status by the colour, quality and style of their dress. Ordinary rich men could not wear purple clothes because the purple dye from Tyrus was extremely expensive; it cost 1,000 denarius per pound. By law, this dye could only be used for the Royal Family. Only the kings could put on such purple clothes. The purple dress naturally became a symbol of power. The dress code was strict under the rule of Augustus in Rome. He commanded the Roman citizens to wear the toga. In times of triumphal celebrations, the Roman Emperor’s dress code consisted of a toga picta, a tunic palmate, and a paludamentum, all in purple. This had influence on Judah. The Jewish outer garment, the himation,was also purple, which could only be worn by powerful men. There are clear evidences in the Bible and in the literature of Josephus. In the Old Testament, there is evidence that Gideon (Judg. 8:26), Mordecai (Esth. 8:15) and Daniel (Dan. 5:29) wore purple clothes. In the New Testament, Jesus was clothed in a purple rob by the soldiers of the Roman governor to mock Him as the King of the Jews (Mark 15:17). In the book of Revelation, John the apostle witnessed the whore in Rev 17:4 arrayed in purple and scarlet clothes. She was the symbol of the Roman Empire. In the Literature of Josephus, he wrote that Jonathan from the family of Hasman (Ant. 13. 84), king Herod (Ant. 14. 173), Herod’s son,Antipater (Ant. 17. 89), and king Herod’s grandson, Agrippa 1(Ant. 18. 192), also wore purple clothes. Futhermore, Simon ben Giora, who was a leader of the Jewish rebels in the war between the Jews and the Romans, wore purple clothes. These people dressed in purple had strong authority in common. The biblical tradition illustrates that the purple dress had the symbolic power in social and political arenas of their day. In Luke 7:25, Jesus said, “Those who put on fine clothing and live in luxury are in royal palaces.” The purple dress was the finest clothing in the time of Jesus. The Herodians were the richest and lived in luxury. The rich man who was dressed in purple in Luke 16:19 was a member of the Herodians (the ruler of Palestine). He was in Hades because he never governed the country well.

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