영조대의 文科 개혁 논의와 새로운 제도의 도입 (Reform Discussions for the Civil Examination system during King Yeongjo’s reign, and the Adoption of a New System)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 규장각 / 41호 / 1 ~ 35페이지
· 저자명 : 박현순

초록

본 연구에서는 새로운 제도의 도입과 그 치폐를 중심으로 영조대 문과 제도의 개혁과 이를 둘러싼 논쟁들을 살펴보았다.
영조대의 문과 개혁은 숙종대에 제기된 문제들을 개선하는 데서 출발하여 庭試 初試, 圓點科·到記科, 一經講, 親臨召試, 面試 등 새로운 제도를 도입하는 방향으로 개혁의 폭이 확대되었다. 이는 영조가 추구하는 탕평의 폭이 확대되는 것과 궤를 같이하여 보다 근본적인 개혁을 추진한 결과였다. 이 중 일경강이나 면시제도는 영조 42년 이후 폐지되었다. 그러나 성균관의 원점과나 도기과, 庭試初試制度는 정조대는 물론 19세기까지도 문과 운영에서 중요한 자리를 차지하였다. 영조대의 과거제 개혁은 그 성패를 떠나 다음 시기 문과 운영의 기본틀을 제공하였다는 점에서 주목을 요한다.

영어초록

Examined in this study is how the Civil examination system was reformed during King Yeongjo’s reign, and what kind of new systems were adopted in its place.
The Civil examination reform project of King Yeongjo began by picking up the issues that had been raised during King Sukjong’s reign. The range of the reform was widened when discussions followed to adopt some new tests and methods, which included 'First round questions in the Hall test(“Jeongshi Choshi, 庭試 初試”),’ new tests such as Weonjeom-gwa/圓點科 and Do’gi-gwa/到記科, the test of Citing and Discussing a single Classical text(“Il’gyeong’gang, 一經講”), a test taken with the Presence of the King(“Chinlim So’shi, 親臨召試”), and also a Personal Inquiry session(“Myeon’shi, 面試”). King Yeongjo was pursuing the so-called Tang’pyeong/蕩平 policy, and was naturally seeking for a more comprehensive and fundamental reform plan of the existing Civil examination system.
Among these new tests, the test of discussing a single classical text and the personal inquiry session were abolished after the 42nd year of Yeongjo’s reign. But the Weonjeom-gwa and Do’gi-gwa tests, and the First round questions in the Hall test continued to exist during King Jeongjo’s reign and even beyond that period, and played an important role in the government as part of the Civil examination system. The efforts to reform the Civil examination system that continued during Yeongjo’s reign, whether it succeeded or not, hugely contributed to the Joseon Civil Examination system as it provided it with yet another primary model of operation.

참고자료

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