在朝鮮 中華商會의 설립과정과 존재양태 ―1912-1931년 경성지역을 중심으로 ― (The Establishment Process of Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Joseon and the Aspect of Existence — Focusing on the Gyeongseong Area from 1912 to 1931 —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국근현대사연구 / 73호 / 27 ~ 62페이지
· 저자명 : 김희신

초록

The purpose of this study is to trace the historical transition process of Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Gyeongseong and to examine how Chamber of Commerce(shanghui) of Gyeongseong, which grew up in relation to state power, played a role in overseas Chinese society.
The establishment of Shanghui in Gyeongseong, Joseon was directly influenced by the legislation of the Chinese government. In accordance with the enactment of relevant laws and regulations, the names of ‘Zhonghuashangwuzonghui’, ‘Zhonghuazongshanghui’ and ‘Zhonghuashanghui’ were changed to use, and the organizational structure went through rebuilding process of change from ‘the president system’ to ‘the committee system.’ During the period of the Republic of China, the commercial association of overseas Chinese merchants in Gyeongseong was protected by China’s domestic law and incorporated into the national order system of China. Zhonghuazongshanghui has been granted the right to national management and economic construction by enabling effective legal protection for the status establishment of overseas Chinese merchants residing in Gyeongseong. On the other hand, Gyeongseong Zhonghuashanghui was supervised by the Party and the government from the remodeling process, and as compared with the Zhonghuashangwuzonghui or Zhonghuazongshanghui period, the autonomy of the merchant organization towards the nation’s power was likely to weaken.
Shanghui in Gyeongseong has been operated by the same laws and regulations of the China government, and a commonality is found in name and organization. Nevertheless, since the overseas Chinese society has been formed in a political and social environment different from that of China, it has to have its own unique character. There was also a certain degree of different process in establishing Shanghui according to different overseas local conditions. Shanghui in Gyeongseong was founded on the basis of a voluntary organized private organization by local overseas Chinese merchants such as Huashangzonghui, and above it with the encouragement of Consulate General.
A key change in the process of the transition of Huashangzonghui to Shanghui was that the China government granted Shanghui a legal basis for its existence. If Huashangzonghui was founded voluntarily, Shanghui was founded on government policy. On the other hand, there were aspects similar to Huashangzonghui in membership, organization, functions, etc. of Shanghui. The influence of Tongxiangbang was still strong, and the power arrangements of the leaders group are clearly made by the place of origin. Huashangzonghui not only strived to fulfill its role as an economic organization that provides the commercial interests and conveniences of the membership group in the residence, but also carried out various activities for the public interest of the overseas Chinese society. Shanghui was also required to serve as an advisory body to government agencies such as the China government and consulate general, while also including public service functions such as self-government and dispute settlement, such as trade and industrial disputes. The Shanghui organization has established a prominent position in the Joseon overseas Chinese society, especially by preserving and maintaining the cultural, religious, and social functions and roles traditionally held by Chinese merchants such as overseas Chinese education, sacrifices and charitable projects.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to trace the historical transition process of Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Gyeongseong and to examine how Chamber of Commerce(shanghui) of Gyeongseong, which grew up in relation to state power, played a role in overseas Chinese society.
The establishment of Shanghui in Gyeongseong, Joseon was directly influenced by the legislation of the Chinese government. In accordance with the enactment of relevant laws and regulations, the names of ‘Zhonghuashangwuzonghui’, ‘Zhonghuazongshanghui’ and ‘Zhonghuashanghui’ were changed to use, and the organizational structure went through rebuilding process of change from ‘the president system’ to ‘the committee system.’ During the period of the Republic of China, the commercial association of overseas Chinese merchants in Gyeongseong was protected by China’s domestic law and incorporated into the national order system of China. Zhonghuazongshanghui has been granted the right to national management and economic construction by enabling effective legal protection for the status establishment of overseas Chinese merchants residing in Gyeongseong. On the other hand, Gyeongseong Zhonghuashanghui was supervised by the Party and the government from the remodeling process, and as compared with the Zhonghuashangwuzonghui or Zhonghuazongshanghui period, the autonomy of the merchant organization towards the nation’s power was likely to weaken.
Shanghui in Gyeongseong has been operated by the same laws and regulations of the China government, and a commonality is found in name and organization. Nevertheless, since the overseas Chinese society has been formed in a political and social environment different from that of China, it has to have its own unique character. There was also a certain degree of different process in establishing Shanghui according to different overseas local conditions. Shanghui in Gyeongseong was founded on the basis of a voluntary organized private organization by local overseas Chinese merchants such as Huashangzonghui, and above it with the encouragement of Consulate General.
A key change in the process of the transition of Huashangzonghui to Shanghui was that the China government granted Shanghui a legal basis for its existence. If Huashangzonghui was founded voluntarily, Shanghui was founded on government policy. On the other hand, there were aspects similar to Huashangzonghui in membership, organization, functions, etc. of Shanghui. The influence of Tongxiangbang was still strong, and the power arrangements of the leaders group are clearly made by the place of origin. Huashangzonghui not only strived to fulfill its role as an economic organization that provides the commercial interests and conveniences of the membership group in the residence, but also carried out various activities for the public interest of the overseas Chinese society. Shanghui was also required to serve as an advisory body to government agencies such as the China government and consulate general, while also including public service functions such as self-government and dispute settlement, such as trade and industrial disputes. The Shanghui organization has established a prominent position in the Joseon overseas Chinese society, especially by preserving and maintaining the cultural, religious, and social functions and roles traditionally held by Chinese merchants such as overseas Chinese education, sacrifices and charitable projects.

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