乾隆49年(1784)〜51年(1786)의 敎案과 乾隆帝 (The great persecution on the missions from 1784 to 1786 and emperor Qianlong)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 121호 / 229 ~ 313페이지
· 저자명 : 이준갑

초록

In this study I have analyzed the process of the persecution on the missions occurred in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Henan, Hebei, Fujian during the years 1784-1786 by Qing dynasty and also have analyzed the role of emperor Qianlong in that process. This persecution have begun with the arrest of four Franciscan missionaries travelling to their assigned missions in Shanxi. About the middle of September 1784, Huguang governor-general Techenge received the report from Xiangyang county of the capture of the four missionaries. Emperor Qianlong was immediately reported this incident and issued an edict that govern and governor-generals of all provinces arrest missionaries and Chinese Catholic. Eighteen missionaries and about four hundred Chinese Catholic was arrested and interrogated by Qing bureaucrat. Some of Chinese Catholic were died in the prison, the others were tried in the court and sentenced to be exiled to Xinjiang or flogged. Six missionaries were died in prison and nine missionaries were banished to their own countries and three missionaries were allowed to reside at Catholic Church in Beijing in order to serve emperor Qianlong. This incident was called the great persecution of 18th century China.
With the help of chief minister Agui and Hesen, emperor Qianlong took lead all the process of the great persecution. On the surface the persecution was proceeded by judicial procedure of Qing dynasty, Actually the procedure was decided by emperor Qianlong's will. The reason was that according to the Qing judicial system, emperor issues some order, it became edict which takes legal force at once. As emperor Qianlong dealt with the persecution a little mildly, he could not only show off his tolerance as emperor, but also he could control missionaries and Chinese Catholic.

영어초록

In this study I have analyzed the process of the persecution on the missions occurred in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Henan, Hebei, Fujian during the years 1784-1786 by Qing dynasty and also have analyzed the role of emperor Qianlong in that process. This persecution have begun with the arrest of four Franciscan missionaries travelling to their assigned missions in Shanxi. About the middle of September 1784, Huguang governor-general Techenge received the report from Xiangyang county of the capture of the four missionaries. Emperor Qianlong was immediately reported this incident and issued an edict that govern and governor-generals of all provinces arrest missionaries and Chinese Catholic. Eighteen missionaries and about four hundred Chinese Catholic was arrested and interrogated by Qing bureaucrat. Some of Chinese Catholic were died in the prison, the others were tried in the court and sentenced to be exiled to Xinjiang or flogged. Six missionaries were died in prison and nine missionaries were banished to their own countries and three missionaries were allowed to reside at Catholic Church in Beijing in order to serve emperor Qianlong. This incident was called the great persecution of 18th century China.
With the help of chief minister Agui and Hesen, emperor Qianlong took lead all the process of the great persecution. On the surface the persecution was proceeded by judicial procedure of Qing dynasty, Actually the procedure was decided by emperor Qianlong's will. The reason was that according to the Qing judicial system, emperor issues some order, it became edict which takes legal force at once. As emperor Qianlong dealt with the persecution a little mildly, he could not only show off his tolerance as emperor, but also he could control missionaries and Chinese Catholic.

참고자료

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