일제하 중등학교 여학생의 일상에 대한 규율과 통제 (Control over Daily Lives of Female Middle-School Students under Japanese Rule)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국여성사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 여성과 역사 / 31호 / 243 ~ 282페이지
· 저자명 : 소현숙

초록

일제하 중등학교 학생들은 교내뿐만 아니라 교외에서까지 일상생활 전반에 걸쳐 다양한 통제를 받았다. 여학생은 학생 일반에 가해진 규율에 더하여 성차별적 젠더규범 하에서 남학생보다 더 엄격한 통제와 규율의 대상이 되었다. 소수지만 중등 여학생의 일거수일투족을 통제한 것은 당시로서는 혼기가 찬 여성들이 학교라는 공적 공간에 진입함으로써 교란된 젠더질서를 재구축하기 위한 것이었다. 여학생의 일상에 대한 통제에서 특히 중요했던 문제는 섹슈얼리티였다. 자유연애가 유행하는 가운데, 풍기문란으로 인한 여학생의 정조훼손에 대한 사회적 염려가 확산되었기 때문이다. 그러나 섹슈얼리티 문제에 치중한 사회적 관심과 달리, 여학생들은 기숙사에서의 엄격한 통제나, 여성다움을 강요하는 예의범절 교육, 그리고 주부의 책임이나 육아법만 가르치는 수업의 내용 등에 불만을 품었다. 여학생들은 교사 몰래 소설책과 사회과학 서적을 탐독하거나, 억압적인 규율에 저항하여 동맹휴학에 나서는 등 다양한 방식으로 통제에 대한 거부감을 드러냈다.

영어초록

What kind of daily lives did female students in colonial Korea experience when secondary schools were established and they began to attend school together? This study examined the daily lives of female students based on records of disciplinary issues. Students who attended colonial secondary school were under various controls and their daily lives were closely monitored, not only on campus but also at home and town. Girls were subject to more stringent controls than boys, the rigidity of which was further augmented by discriminatory societal norms based on gender. The small number, but the explosive social interest in the daily lives of secondary school girls, reveals social efforts to replace women under strict gender norms.
Along with social concerns over potential student demoralization, the issue of sexuality was particularly important in the control of female students. As the ideas of free love and free marriage were in vogue at the time, social concern over the desecration of female students’ virtue caused by demoralizing behavior only increased. Various modes of control had been devised and built. Female students were dissatisfied with the strict control of their dormitories, the imposition of etiquette education that enforced femininity, and their mandatory participation in classes that only taught homemaker responsibilities or parenting practices. They secretly read novels and books in the social sciences, took part in minorly deviant activities, and boycotted classes, demanding the abolition of the oppressive discipline.
The mechanisms of discipline and control over female students that were established during the colonial period remained intact even after Korea gained its independence, and instead became the predominant method for teaching female students, prevailing into the 1960s and 1970s. In that sense, an examination of the history of colonial female students' daily lives and disciplinary tactics is meaningful because it captures the specific ways in which female students have been disciplined throughout the 20th century.

참고자료

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