프랑스 공화국과 이민 ―“새로운 공화국”을 향하여?― (French Republic and Immigration: Toward ‘a New Republic’?)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국프랑스사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 프랑스사 연구 / 21호 / 151 ~ 172페이지
· 저자명 : 박단

초록

La France est un pays d’immigration depuis la fin de XIXe siècle. Les immigrés musulmans ont suscité des débats passionnés en raisons de leur ‘violation’ des principes majeurs de la République en France. Constitution de 1958 bien affirme dans l’article premier que “la France est une République indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale” et qu’ “elle assure l’égalité devant la loi de tous les citoyens sans distinction d’origine, de race ou de religion.” Cet article montre que le principe de la République française est en relation avec la politique actuelle d’intégration en France.
Mais, l’analyse des mesures prises par Nicolas Sarkozy nous permet de voir au delà de la position républicaine traditionnelle, des signes révélateurs de politiques multiculturalistes. La création de la nouvelle commission à la diversité présidé par Yazid Sabeg sur les statistiques ethniques semble avoir joué en quelque sorte le rô̂le important du déclencheur de ce déplacement de la société française vers le multiculturalisme.
Pour mieux comprendre la signification des mesures prises, il serait nécessaire d’examiner le principe de la République française et sa conception idéologique et historique.

영어초록

France has been a immigrant country since the end of XIXe century. Muslim immigrants substituted by the European immigrants after the Second World War raised a question of the identity of French Republic. It seems to me that the Constitution of France shows the Republic’s identity with clarity. The Article 1 of the Preamble of the 1958 Constitution clearly stipulates: “France shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of origin, race or religion. It shall respect all beliefs.” “Secular” goes with “indivisible”, and freedom of religion should not lead to any division.
Most French has been ardent defenders of theses principles of Republic, but some people including Nicolas Sarkozy suggest ‘new’ immigration policy related to the multi-culturalism, which is supposed to break Republic’s principles. Recently, there are some measures which indicate this direction: affirmative action in the designation of the governor of province Jura, creation of ZEP(Zones d’Education Prioritaires) and quota system of a new students in Sciences Po; organization of the committee for the population statistics based on religion and race.
The recent immigration policy has engendered a lot of controversy about the identity of French Republic. Then, does this new policy imply the nation is turning toward ‘a New Republic’? Or, is this new policy compatible with the traditional Republic’s principles? Therefore, I suggest that we should examine the French Republic’s principles and its ideological concept more in depth.

참고자료

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