A Contour of the 20th Century Scholarship on Paul’s Adam-Christ Comparison

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초록

The present article seeks to explore the 20th century Pauline scholarship on Paul’s Adam-Christ comparison. While the reformed tradition emphasizes Christ as the Adam-like covenantal representative, Wilhelm Bousset and Albert Schweitzer draw on Hellenistic concepts in their own ways to represent Christ as a supra-human, pneumatic being capable of achieving mystical union with human beings. Rudolf K. Bultmann restored attention to the humanity of Christ but his adoption of existentialist framework led him to understand Christ’s Adam-like obedience in a non-covenantal sense as the epitome of the existentialist vision of authentic human existence. Ernst Käsemann and Martinus de Boer attribute an “apocalyptic” framework to Paul, arguing that Christ, unlike Adam, is the cosmic judge who condemned the evil cosmic powers and regained God’s sovereign rule in the world. W. D. Davies draws on rabbinic Judaism to understand Paul, under standing Christ as a Jewish messiah who, as Adam’s counterpart, restored the fallen world to its pre-fall conditions. James D. G. Dunn also understands Paul as a Jewish thinker and expounds Paul’s Adam-Christ comparison in terms of Christ reenacting Psalm 8. Our knowledge of these interpretative pathways explored in the 20th century can help us to be critically aware of where we are in understanding Paul.

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