언양호적대장의 挾戶와 호당 구수 (Hyeopho and Number of People in a Household on the Population Registry of Eonyang Area)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 효원사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 세계 / 44권 / 333 ~ 384페이지
· 저자명 : 장경준

초록

There are many theories on why there were hyeopho (the untouchable class) in the population registry in Eonyang area. One of them was that the hyeopho was just the people who helped the noblemen with the labor for the noblemen's labor tax to the government while another is that they are just the tenants. The existence of hyeopho was not caused by the compulsory labor only as tax. If that was caused by the compulsory labor, it would have described in registries for other area and the number of people in a house would have been high in other areas. But that was not the case. For example, Dongrae which had shown the severest compulsory labor showed the similar level as other Gyeongsando area as far as the number of people in a house is concerned. It means that the theory that hyeopho in Eonyang registry was caused by the compulsory labor for the country may be wrong and should be corrected. On the other hand, the theory that hyeopho was just the tenant of the ouse seemed to be the case for the registration of hyeopho in Eonyang registry.
Hyeopho registered in the Eonyang registry is limited to the people who rent the small house located in the garden of other person's house with no charge. The people who rented the independent house kept away from the landlord's house with no charge was not defined as hyeopho in case of Eonyang registry, though they were generally called as hyeopho in other areas. The special case of Eonyang registry was caused by the different types of registration on the registry according to region. There was no uniform method of registration in the Joseon Dynasty as far as the administrative system in registry is concerned. They were different depending on the regions and times. The process of registration on the registry in area of Dongrae, Gijang and Eonyang showed these phenomena well. Why Eonyan area defined the hyeopho differently and adopted their unique registration system in the registry unlike the cases of Daegu or Danseong needs more studies. However, I think that it may be attributable to the fact that the Eonyang area had no strong peasant management system but have more house rents and that they were registered in their own way as they had to be distinguished from the servant and other people in registration.
The exceptional high number of people in a house in Eonyang registry was due to the high number of hyeopho or the rented house in that area. This was not only caused by the multiple poor peasants in Eonyang area but also caused by the that there were a lot of people flowing into the area in the later 19th century when the number of hyeopho showed the big decreases. The cause of rapid increase in the number of incoming people into the area was that the area was recognized by the Christian believers as the heaven where they could avoid the persecution made by Joseon Dynasty. As the result, Eonyang had new Christian people coming from Chungcheongdo and northern Gyeongsangdo area, thus making several Christian group villages in the area, especially in Ganwolsan, Sangnammyeon. This new influx of population products new house tenants or hyeopho. So, although there was a big decrease in the number of hyeopho in Eonyang, the area still had the high number of people in a house.

영어초록

There are many theories on why there were hyeopho (the untouchable class) in the population registry in Eonyang area. One of them was that the hyeopho was just the people who helped the noblemen with the labor for the noblemen's labor tax to the government while another is that they are just the tenants. The existence of hyeopho was not caused by the compulsory labor only as tax. If that was caused by the compulsory labor, it would have described in registries for other area and the number of people in a house would have been high in other areas. But that was not the case. For example, Dongrae which had shown the severest compulsory labor showed the similar level as other Gyeongsando area as far as the number of people in a house is concerned. It means that the theory that hyeopho in Eonyang registry was caused by the compulsory labor for the country may be wrong and should be corrected. On the other hand, the theory that hyeopho was just the tenant of the ouse seemed to be the case for the registration of hyeopho in Eonyang registry.
Hyeopho registered in the Eonyang registry is limited to the people who rent the small house located in the garden of other person's house with no charge. The people who rented the independent house kept away from the landlord's house with no charge was not defined as hyeopho in case of Eonyang registry, though they were generally called as hyeopho in other areas. The special case of Eonyang registry was caused by the different types of registration on the registry according to region. There was no uniform method of registration in the Joseon Dynasty as far as the administrative system in registry is concerned. They were different depending on the regions and times. The process of registration on the registry in area of Dongrae, Gijang and Eonyang showed these phenomena well. Why Eonyan area defined the hyeopho differently and adopted their unique registration system in the registry unlike the cases of Daegu or Danseong needs more studies. However, I think that it may be attributable to the fact that the Eonyang area had no strong peasant management system but have more house rents and that they were registered in their own way as they had to be distinguished from the servant and other people in registration.
The exceptional high number of people in a house in Eonyang registry was due to the high number of hyeopho or the rented house in that area. This was not only caused by the multiple poor peasants in Eonyang area but also caused by the that there were a lot of people flowing into the area in the later 19th century when the number of hyeopho showed the big decreases. The cause of rapid increase in the number of incoming people into the area was that the area was recognized by the Christian believers as the heaven where they could avoid the persecution made by Joseon Dynasty. As the result, Eonyang had new Christian people coming from Chungcheongdo and northern Gyeongsangdo area, thus making several Christian group villages in the area, especially in Ganwolsan, Sangnammyeon. This new influx of population products new house tenants or hyeopho. So, although there was a big decrease in the number of hyeopho in Eonyang, the area still had the high number of people in a house.

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