조선후기 윤리신앙의 다변화와 도교 선서 유행 (Diversification of Ethical Religion and Popularity of Taoism Sonso in the Late Choson Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사민속학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사민속학 / 30호 / 293 ~ 327페이지
· 저자명 : 이에나가유코

초록

본 연구는 삼교합일 사상을 담은 선서가 민간 교화적인 목적으로 유통되어 가는 역사적인 흐름과 조선후기의 윤리신앙의 다변화에 맞물려 유행한 경위를 살펴보았다.
민중교화서인 선서는 唐 중기 이후 삼교 합일의 사상적 융합이 이루어진 끝에 성립되기 시작하였다. 송대 신도교 교단의 형성은 경전의 제작에 기여하였으며, 삼교융합과 윤리적 실천을 강조한 권선서의 유행에 큰 역할을 수행하였다. 선서의 삼교 합일 사상과 교화적인 측면은 명대의 민중교화정책에 부합되었으며, 조선에도 영향을 미쳤다. 선서를 통한 교화라는 양식은 세종 때 『삼강행실도』편찬에 일정한 영향을 주었고, 조선후기에 오면 사찰, 개인, 왕실이라는 주체들에 의해 민간교화의 목적으로 간행되었다.
특히 19세기 고종 때에는 간행 움직임이 활발하였음을 알 수 있는데 민간 유통의 배경에는 조선후기 윤리신앙의 다변화에 힘입은 바가 크다. 대내외적인 위기와 모순을 안고 있었던 조선후기에 도교 권선서라는 형태로 윤리서가 유통되었다는 것은 그 만큼 교화와 계몽, 선행의 실천, 충과 의리의 중요성이 요구되었던 것으로 생각된다. 이는 조선후기 지식인의 사상적 동향이자 대내외적으로 위기와 모순을 안게 된 사회의 응전과정이라고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

This paper examines the historical background that sonso (a book that recommends people to seek virtue), which included thoughts of correspondence among three religions, was circulated for the purpose of enlightening people and the reason why such book was in fashion as ethical religion had diversified in the late Choson Dynasty.

Sonso took shape as a book that enlightened people after three religions had been merged philosophically into one since the middle period of the Tang Dynasty. As a religious body of Neo-Taoism was formed during the Song Dynasty period, the formation significantly contributed to the publication of sacred books and making popular among people sonso that emphasized correspondence among three religions and ethical practice. The thoughts of sonso such as correspondence among three religions and enlightening of people went in harmony with the people enlightenment policy of the Ming Dynasty. They further had an influence on the Choson Dynasty. Enlightening of people by circulating sonso influenced the compilation of Conduct of the Three Bonds (Samgang) in some way or others in the period of King Sejong. In the late Choson Dynasty, Buddhist temples, individuals and the royal family published sonso for the purpose of enlightening people.

In particular, it has been known that sonso was published in a large volume in the 19th century when King Gojong was holding the throne. The circulation of sonso among people was mainly attributable to diversification of ethical religion in the late Choson Dynasty. Ethics books as a Taoism sonso were spread among people to encourage them to do something good in the late Choson Dynasty when the country faced internal and external crisis and contradiction. This fact shows that enlightenment and education, practice of good conduct and emphasis on loyalty and faithfulness were required as much as the time was tumultuous. This phenomenon was the process of social response toward the time of internal and external crisis and contradiction as well as the philosophical trend of the elite in the late Choson Dynasty.

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