1970년대 박정희 정부의 총력안보체제 구축과 학교의 역할 (The Establishment of National Security by the Park Chung-hee Government during the 1970s and the Roles of Schools)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學報 / 60호 / 425 ~ 455페이지
· 저자명 : 허은

초록

1970년대 학교는 체제 재생산의 측면에서 볼 때 통치이념을 일상적으로 실천하는 인간형을 만드는데 전력을 다하고, 학생뿐만 아니라 지역 주민의 사고와 태도를 개조하는 역할까지 책임졌다. 이를 위해 학교는 이념의 내면화를 달성하기 위한 정교한 장치들을 배치했고, 지역사회와의 유기적인 결합을 추진하며 학생들을 동원했다.
그러나 박정희 정부의 의도와는 달리 학교는 체제 재생산의 역할을 제대로 수행하지 못했다. 그 주된 요인은 역설적이게도 총력안보체제 자체에 있었다. 박정희 정부는 총력안보체제하 학교를 안보를 위한 동원기관이자 국가시책의 수행기관으로 전락시켰고, 이는 학교가 학생과 지역주민을 개조하는 역할을 제대로 수행하지 못하는 결과를 초래했다. 유신시대 총력안보체제는 자체 붕괴의 길로 나아간 체제였다.

영어초록

Viewed from the standpoint of system reproduction, Korean schools in the 1970s played the roles of creating ideal types of people who practiced ideology in everyday life and reorganizing the thinking and attitudes of local residents as well as students. To this end, schools put in place sophisticated mechanisms designed to transform students into people that implemented the ruling ideology in their everyday lives and mobilized students by creating an organic combination with the local community.
However, contrary to the intention of the Park Chung-hee government, the schools did not properly implement the role of system reproduction. Ironically, the main culprit proved to be the national security system. Under the national security system, the Park Chung-hee government degraded schools to the level of agencies responsible for the mobilization and implementation of national security policies. This in turn resulted in a situation in which schools did not implement their roles of reorganizing the students and local residents. As such, the national security system during the Yushin Constitution era eventually paved the way for the collapse of the system.
Then how should the points raised by the Japanese Government- General of Korea assessed along with the communities' responses to them? One of the areas not covered by the previous studies is how local residents perceived the differences between the old and current systems. Such new systems as the tax payment system for landowners and the system of turning myeon chiefs into government officials were different from the old tax collection systems. Both positive views of them as a part of capitalist system and negative views of them by highlighting only the colonial and discriminatory attributes seem problematic. The present study failed to show fully how much the Japanese Government-General of Korea implemented its logics and what kind of reactions local residents had to them. Those questions require further excavations of materials in the local history. It will be, however, meaningful too to set a hypothesis before the excavation of materials. One of such hypotheses will be that there must have been various reactions and countermeasures to the policies of Japanese Government-General of Korea by the areas and social classes. It is such various possibilities that the present study tried to demonstrate. When proper hypotheses are set, it will become easier to excavate rich materials free from the prejudices and stereotypes.

참고자료

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