제주도 일반신본풀이를 통해 본 악(惡)의 의미와 양상 (A Study on the Aspect and Meaning of Evilness through Shaman Epic in Jeju Island)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고전연구학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國古典硏究 / 42호 / 215 ~ 244페이지
· 저자명 : 강지연

초록

본고에서는 신화가 인간에게 행위 규범을 마련한다는 점을 염두에 두고, 무속신화에서 중요하게 다루는 행위 및 그 행위의 근본적인 성질이 무엇인가를 확인하고자 악(惡)에 주목하였다. 제주도 본풀이에 등장하는 신화의 주인공들은 악을 무엇으로 규정하고 이를 기피하는가를 살피기 위해 불쾌한 감정을 일으키는 원인에 주목하여 악의 의미를 검토하였다. 이로부터 무속에서 악을 다스리는 사유의 방식을 이해할 수 있으며, 나아가 무속이 추구하는 선(善)의 개념을 파악할 수 있었다.
이승의 세계를 다스리는 신의 이야기인 <천지왕본풀이>를 통해 소별왕의 기만 행위는 탐욕을 부추기는 결핍의 감정으로부터 기인한다는 사실을 알 수 있으며, 그리하여 이승에서는 남의 것을 빼앗는 탐욕과 함께 파괴의 힘을 수반하는 폭력이 도사리고 있음을 확인하였다.
또한 무속신화에서 악행이 될 수 있는 것은 악인으로 지목받는 악행 외에도 부모 역할을 수행하지 못하고 가족 윤리에 어긋난 무책임한 행위와 신을 바르게 섬기지 않는 무지한 범인(凡人)의 태도에서도 찾을 수 있다. 이들의 악행에서 공통적으로 결핍이 야기하는 문제 상황을 엿볼 수 있었다.
이러한 악은 공통적으로 사회공동체, 가족공동체, 신앙공동체의 존속을 방해한다. 제주도 일반신본풀이의 신들은 이러한 악의 형상을 통해서 선한 것의 가치를 일깨우며, 인간이 마땅히 따르고 지켜야 하는 도덕적 규범과 무속이 중시하는 가치를 훼손하지 않아야 한다는 경각심을 심어 준다. 이로써 사회와 가족, 신앙 공동체의 안정을 도모하며, 무속이 추구하는 세계의 본질을 다룬다.

영어초록

With the fact that myth gives human beings behavioral norms in mind, this study focuses on the meaning of evilness in order to define both what deeds shamanism myth deals with significantly and fundamental features of those deeds. By focusing on causes of what brings about unpleasant feelings, this study analyzes the meaning of evilness so as to figure out what deeds main characters in Jeju bonpuri define as evilness and how they avoid them. In analyzing this, the way they control evilness in shamanism can be understood, and moreover, the definition of virtue that shamanism pursues can be identified.
In Cheonjiwangbonpuri, a story about a god who governs earthly world, evilness stems from the feeling of lack, which arouses such emotions as greed and violence that make one extort and destroy things.
These evil deeds hinder society, family, and religious community from continuing to exist. In shamanism myth, gods present the value of shamanism and put importance on the moral values through evilness. Also, they display vigilance on evilness that destroy these values and forbid evil deeds.
In shamanism myth, there are other things that are defined as evil deeds. First, it is unethical deed of parents who do not conduct their roles as parents and do things against family ethics. Second, ignorant attitude of ordinary human beings who do not obey gods properly is considered evil deed. All of their deeds give ordeal to mythical characters and by overcoming this ordeal, mythical characters’ sacredness is realized.
Consequently, evilness that shamanism myth deals with goes forward by transforming the state of disorder and chaos into that of order and organized. Through this, it promotes stability of society, family, and religious community, and deals with the essence of world that shamanism pursues.
With the fact that myth gives human beings behavioral norms in mind, this study focuses on the meaning of evilness in order to define both what deeds Shaman Epic deals with significantly and fundamental features of those deeds. By focusing on causes of what brings about unpleasant feelings, this study analyzes the meaning of evilness so as to figure out what deeds main characters in Jeju bonpuri define as evilness and how they avoid them. In analyzing this, the way they control evilness in shamanism can be understood, and moreover, the definition of virtue that shamanism pursues can be identified.
In Cheonjiwangbonpuri, a story about a god who governs earthly world, evilness stems from the feeling of lack, which arouses such emotions as greed and violence that make one extort and destroy things.
In Shaman Epic, there are other things that are defined as evil deeds. First, it is unethical deed of parents who do not conduct their roles as parents and do things against family ethics. Second, ignorant attitude of ordinary human beings who do not obey gods properly is considered evil deed. All of their deeds give ordeal to mythical characters and by overcoming this ordeal, mythical characters’ sacredness is realized.
These evil deeds hinder society, family, and religious community from continuing to exist. In Shaman Epic, gods present the value of shamanism and put importance on the moral values through evilness. Also, they display vigilance on evilness that destroy these values and forbid evil deeds. Through this, it promotes stability of society, family, and religious community, and deals with the essence of world that shamanism pursues.

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