귀국해난사고를 통해 본 강제동원과 귀환 (Sea Accidents at the Mobilized Koreans' Return to Homeland)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일민족문제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓日民族問題硏究 / 19호 / 123 ~ 159페이지
· 저자명 : 정애영

초록

本稿は解放直後日本から朝鮮への引き上げ途中多発した朝鮮人引揚者海難事故中の一つの事件と実際海難事故で漂着された死体の遺骨との相関関係を明らかにし、それを通して強制動員と帰還被害の一端を把握するのを目的とする.特に日本の敗戦と占領の混乱の中朝鮮への帰還輸送体系が不備だった９月10月に気象悪化、劣悪な輸送船、過積などの理由から多発した帰還海難事故の事例を発掘し、従来の帰還研究で研究されてこなかった＇個別帰還による帰還被害＇に焦点をあて民間帰還船の輸送実体及び帰還朝鮮人遭難事故とその遺骨をめぐる運動を中心に考察した。それとともに朝鮮人海難事故の代表的な事例である広島三菱重工帰還失踪事件と関連遺骨の特定を通して強制動員の帰還実体を分析した。調査結果帰還輸送体系と引揚援護対策の不備の中帰還民が殺到した9、10月に台風などによる民間船大型遭難が相次ぎ壱岐·対馬海域を中心に多数の漂着事例を確認することができた。この海域で収拾されたいわば 「金乗院遺骨」, 「小田山慰霊碑遺骨」は朝鮮人帰還海難事故を雄弁するもので朝鮮人帰還被害を象徴している。広島三菱強制動員労務者の帰還実体をみると、帰還者の半分以上が個別帰還であったことから極度に混乱状態であった帰還の状況がわかる。このように頻繁な個別帰還には戦前から動いていた密航ネットワークとの関連も深いものといえる。このような帰還現場では 「移入労働者に関する通達」は全く履行されず、また壱岐での何回かの上陸拒否が大型遭難への結び付いたいった点などから日本の朝鮮人強制動員帰還対策、援護対策の不備が大規模の海難被害を量産したともいえる.結論的に三菱徴用工事件と関連して相関関係の高いものと思われるのは枕崎台風時の対馬東海岸遭難と壱岐葦辺湾遭難で 「金乗院遺骨」と相関関係が高いと推定される。

영어초록

This paper aims to examine the sea accidents which occurred to Koreans who were returning to Korea from Japan shortly after the liberation of Korea and the victims' remains which were collected after the accidents. This work will partly contribute to clarifying certain facts about forced mobilization of Koreans and raising the issues about their returns. Those sea accidents frequently happened especially in September and October, 1945, because of bad weather conditions and overloading as well as the poor transport system. I focused on the damage to individual returnees whose aspects was not explored enough in the previous studies through an exemplary accident and conducted further research about the transport conditions of private ships where the Koreans embarked which caused the accidents in the process of returning and the movements about the remains of victims.
While I try to specify the remains of returnees' who had worked in the Mitsubishi Corporation in Hiroshima and disappeared in the sea accidents as a representative example, I analysed the situation about returns of the forcedly mobilized Koreans. By doing that, I confirmed a number of cases of big accidents and castaways in Iki, Tsushima waters, mostly caused by typhoons in the poor transport conditions and the lack of salvage system and emergent aid system. So called ‘Konjoin remains’ and ‘Odayama Memorial remains’ which were collected from the accidents are the symbol of sea accidents of Korean returnees and their damage. Seeing the return process of laborers of Mitsubishi Corporation in Hiroshima, more than 50% of Korean laborers returned individually, which means that their return process was put in extreme chaos. The fact they had to return individually was deeply related with the smuggling network that had worked before war. While ‘Notice on Imported Laborers’ provided that Japanese should lead their return to Busan, it was ignored and not executed in the field. Lack of policies on Korean returnees and aid system caused large-scale accidents. For example, a few rejections of the landings at the island by administrators of Iki were the reason of big accidents.
Research about 241 returnees from Hiroshima to Korea can be considered to be the beginning of studies on sea accidents where Korean returnees were victimized, having historical meanings in that it reveals some issues like Korean victims of atomic bombs and mobilization of Koreans during war. In conclusion, I think that laborers of Mitsubishi were likely to be victimized in Tsushima accident that occurred at Makurazaki Typhoon, September 17, 1945 and Iki bay accident. My assumption is that their remains are related with 45 bodies collected from Tsushima and kept in Konjoin and about 130 bodies put under the Iki Memorial.

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