재일조선인 연구자 쓰카사키 마사유키(塚崎昌 之)의 재판조선인(在阪朝鮮人) 연구의 의의 (The Significance of Tsukasaki Masayuki's Study of Koreans in Osaka)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일민족문제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓日民族問題硏究 / 47호 / 5 ~ 35페이지
· 저자명 : 지영임

초록

在日朝鮮人1世が世代を重ねるにつれ、減少していく中で、日本への移住、定着に関する記録の発掘はさらに重要な意味を持つようになった。特に大阪は在日朝鮮人1世が多く移住、定着しており、現在までも在日朝鮮人の滞在者数は最も多い。塚崎は大阪を中心に、戦前の大阪への移住、定着から現在までの在日朝鮮人の痕跡を記録した。本稿は、塚崎の在阪朝鮮人１世の居住、宗教生活、大阪空襲と強制連行の研究を通じて、大阪における在日朝鮮人の研究の意義を考察した。塚崎は大阪在日朝鮮人の住宅問題に対して、行政当局と在日朝鮮人の対応変化に注目している。1930年代初めには住宅問題が発生することを防止するために朝鮮人と日本人が協力しながら住宅問題を緩和しようとする動きがあった。しかし1934年以後、戦争準備のために警察権力が前面に出ることになり在日朝鮮人の住宅が強制撤去の対象になったことを説明している。宗教生活については在日朝鮮人1世の女性の宗教生活の場として朝鮮寺と竜王宮を検討した。在日朝鮮人1世の女性たちの宗教生活については日本と韓国の両国で研究成果は多くない。塚崎は朝鮮寺と竜王宮の研究を通じて民族差別と女性差別という二重の差別に直面した在日朝鮮人女性たちの宗教の役割を分析した。特に朝鮮人の巫俗信仰が朝鮮寺で行われたが、弾圧を受けながらも現在まで根強く生き延びた実態を明らかにしている。在日朝鮮人の大阪空襲と強制連行については、史料発掘と空襲記録、空襲体験者の口述などを通じて大阪在日朝鮮人の被害状況を記録し追悼した。塚崎は大阪地域の特性が持つ1次的資料の限界を克服するために資料発掘と共に現場調査、口述調査などを通じて補完した。このような研究方法で塚崎の研究は、大阪で在日朝鮮人が暮らし証拠であるとともに記録の復元であり、在日朝鮮人生活史研究の空白を埋める貴重な資料として位置づけられるだろう。

영어초록

As the first generation of Zainichi Koreans in Japan gradually diminishesover time, the excavation of records related to their migration and settlementin Japan has become increasingly significant. Osaka, in particular, holdsgreat importance, as it was the place where the first generation of ZainichiKoreans most heavily settled during their migration, and it remains thearea with the highest proportion of Zainichi Koreans today. Tsukasaki hasdocumented the traces of Zainichi Koreans, focusing on their migrationand settlement in Osaka during the pre-war period, as well as their situationup to the present. This paper examines the significance of Tsukasaki’sresearch on Zainichi Koreans in Osaka through the study of their residentialpatterns, religious life, the Osaka air raids, and forced deportations.
Tsukasaki pays particular attention to the changes in responses from theadministrative authorities and Zainichi Koreans regarding housing issues inOsaka. In the early 1930s, there was a movement of Koreans and Japaneseto cooperate in order to prevent housing problems, thereby alleviating thehousing shortage. However, after 1934, as Japan prepared for war, thepolice forces took a more active role, leading to the forced demolition of Zainichi Koreans’ homes. As for religious life, Joseon-temple and Yongwanggungwere reviewed as places of religious life for the first generation ofKorean women in Japan The religious practices of these women have notbeen widely studied, either in Korea or Japan. Tsukasaki analyzes thereligious role of Zainichi Joseon women who experienced dual forms ofoppression while experiencing both national and gender discriminationthrough research on Joseon temples and the Yongwang-gung.
While shamanistic practices were carried out at Joseon-temple, Tsukasakireveals how these practices were repressed yet have managed to surviveto this day. Regarding the Osaka air raids and forced deportations of ZainichiKoreans, Tsukasaki has uncovered documents and oral testimonies fromvictims of the raids, recording and commemorating the experiences ofZainichi Koreans during that time. In order to overcome the limitations ofprimary sources from the Osaka area, Tsukasaki supplemented his researchwith fieldwork, interviews, and oral histories.
As a result, Tsukasaki’s research serves as both evidence of ZainichiKoreans’ presence in Osaka and a restoration of historical records. Hiswork will become a valuable resource in filling the gaps in the researchon the history of Zainichi Koreans’ daily lives.

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