조선시대 이후 벼와 쌀의 상대적 가치와 용량 (The relatives value of unhulled rice & polished rice and the method of indicating their quantity since Chosun Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 69호 / 293 ~ 321페이지
· 저자명 : 정연식

초록

In historical research of Korea, the value of commodities has always been measured by comparing their price with the rice price at that time. So the close examination of rice price is very important.
In Chosun Dynasty, when 100 liters of unhulled rice was hulled and polished, 45 liters of polished rice was produced on average. Hulling and polishing labor cost 5 liters of rice. So 100 liters of unhulled rice was worthy of 40 liters of polished rice. Rice had several names. Unhulled rice was called jo(租), refined unhulled rice jeongjo(正租), and unrefined unhulled rice hwangjo(荒租). Brown rice was called jomi(糙米) polished rice baegmi(白米) and semi-polished rice jungmi(中米). Most of jo in documents meant jeongjo, and Most of mi in documents meant baegmi. But at that time, baegmi didn't mean the rice whose bran was removed thoroughly. It probably means the rice whose bran was removed by between 50% and 70%.
The quantity of rice was indicated by bulk in Chosun Dynasty. Since 1446 1 mal(斗) was equal to 6 liters or so and 1 seog(石) was equal to 15 mal or 20 mal.
Then 1 mal became equal to 18 liters and 1 seog contained 10 mal from 1905, and 1 gama of rice meant 72kg which was equivalent to half a seog, 5 mal by bulk from 1911. After the metric system was introduced under the Japanese Rule, 20 liters' mal called sinmal(新斗) meaning new mal became current in commercial transactions as well as 18 liters' mal called gumal(舊斗) meaning old mal.
Since 1963, using gumal in commercial reactions has been prohibited by the government. so 1 mal means 20 liters, and 1 gama contained 80kg. But in formal statistics 1 mal means 18 liters as yet.
In conclusion, 1 mal of rice in Chosun Dynasty is equivalent to 6 liters, 4.8kg and 0.06 gama. nowaday.

영어초록

In historical research of Korea, the value of commodities has always been measured by comparing their price with the rice price at that time. So the close examination of rice price is very important.
In Chosun Dynasty, when 100 liters of unhulled rice was hulled and polished, 45 liters of polished rice was produced on average. Hulling and polishing labor cost 5 liters of rice. So 100 liters of unhulled rice was worthy of 40 liters of polished rice. Rice had several names. Unhulled rice was called jo(租), refined unhulled rice jeongjo(正租), and unrefined unhulled rice hwangjo(荒租). Brown rice was called jomi(糙米) polished rice baegmi(白米) and semi-polished rice jungmi(中米). Most of jo in documents meant jeongjo, and Most of mi in documents meant baegmi. But at that time, baegmi didn't mean the rice whose bran was removed thoroughly. It probably means the rice whose bran was removed by between 50% and 70%.
The quantity of rice was indicated by bulk in Chosun Dynasty. Since 1446 1 mal(斗) was equal to 6 liters or so and 1 seog(石) was equal to 15 mal or 20 mal.
Then 1 mal became equal to 18 liters and 1 seog contained 10 mal from 1905, and 1 gama of rice meant 72kg which was equivalent to half a seog, 5 mal by bulk from 1911. After the metric system was introduced under the Japanese Rule, 20 liters' mal called sinmal(新斗) meaning new mal became current in commercial transactions as well as 18 liters' mal called gumal(舊斗) meaning old mal.
Since 1963, using gumal in commercial reactions has been prohibited by the government. so 1 mal means 20 liters, and 1 gama contained 80kg. But in formal statistics 1 mal means 18 liters as yet.
In conclusion, 1 mal of rice in Chosun Dynasty is equivalent to 6 liters, 4.8kg and 0.06 gama. nowaday.

참고자료

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