수치심의 목회신학적 이해 (Pastoral-Theological Understanding of Shame)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국목회상담학회
· 수록지 정보 : 목회와상담 / 15권 / 7 ~ 40페이지
· 저자명 : 김병오

초록

Genesis is about 'shame genesis'. According to the chapter 3 in Genesis, when man violated God's Word, shame set in motion the subjective experiences in Adam and Eve of their exposure before God. Shame is man's recollection of his/her estrangement from the Creator; it is grief for this estrangement. It could be called as the ontological shame. It contained painful self-consciousness and a sense of alienation. The essential aspects of shame are the experience of unexpected exposure, the experience of powerlessness and inappropriateness, the experience which affects the whole self. From the psychoanalytic perspective, guilt is the internal tension generated when the Ego transgresses the Superego, whereas shame is response to the shortcomings of the self in relation to the Ego-Ideal.
In the Christian faith, three theories of atonement are parallels to major three types of intra-psychic conflict situations characteristic of human life. The ransom theory of atonement shows us the anxiety produced by Ego-Id conflicts, and the satisfaction theory reveals to us the guilt feeling generated by a strict Superego. At the same time, shame plays a crucial role in the moral influence theory when the Ego cannot come up with the Ego-Ideal. The emphasis of this theory is on the sanctification of behavior. The model of Ego-Ideal is Jesus Christ. To fall short of one's ideal henceforth produces shame.
Church community is the arena of shame. Teachings and disciplines being done in the Church can motivate people to feel the chronic shame. Pastoral Counselors must recognize the asymmetric structure of counseling, pay attention to the bodily, affective, cognitive signs of clients covering shame, and encourage them to explore the origin of their shame and disclose it. Also counselors should be sensitive to their countertransference showing shame, establish the safe therapeutic alliance with clients and lessen the resistance of clients through their self-disclosure. Healing shame is the psycho-spiritual task. Therefore pastoral counselors can accomplish it only when they rely on the One who was being ashamed for us.
The feeling of shame has negative aspects as well as positive aspects. According to Karl Barth, human beings have been exposed in front of Jesus, with the result that they turn into the shameful beings. However, the joy in which they can boast in relation to Him is absolutely bound up with the humility in which they are necessarily ashamed in relation to Him. Here is the paradoxical power of shame. Also shame plays a central role in the strength of conscience. When pastoral counselors have the discretion-shame, or the moral shame shaped by conscience, they could be more mature pastoral counselors who can perform well the ministry of the care and nurture of the soul.

영어초록

Genesis is about 'shame genesis'. According to the chapter 3 in Genesis, when man violated God's Word, shame set in motion the subjective experiences in Adam and Eve of their exposure before God. Shame is man's recollection of his/her estrangement from the Creator; it is grief for this estrangement. It could be called as the ontological shame. It contained painful self-consciousness and a sense of alienation. The essential aspects of shame are the experience of unexpected exposure, the experience of powerlessness and inappropriateness, the experience which affects the whole self. From the psychoanalytic perspective, guilt is the internal tension generated when the Ego transgresses the Superego, whereas shame is response to the shortcomings of the self in relation to the Ego-Ideal.
In the Christian faith, three theories of atonement are parallels to major three types of intra-psychic conflict situations characteristic of human life. The ransom theory of atonement shows us the anxiety produced by Ego-Id conflicts, and the satisfaction theory reveals to us the guilt feeling generated by a strict Superego. At the same time, shame plays a crucial role in the moral influence theory when the Ego cannot come up with the Ego-Ideal. The emphasis of this theory is on the sanctification of behavior. The model of Ego-Ideal is Jesus Christ. To fall short of one's ideal henceforth produces shame.
Church community is the arena of shame. Teachings and disciplines being done in the Church can motivate people to feel the chronic shame. Pastoral Counselors must recognize the asymmetric structure of counseling, pay attention to the bodily, affective, cognitive signs of clients covering shame, and encourage them to explore the origin of their shame and disclose it. Also counselors should be sensitive to their countertransference showing shame, establish the safe therapeutic alliance with clients and lessen the resistance of clients through their self-disclosure. Healing shame is the psycho-spiritual task. Therefore pastoral counselors can accomplish it only when they rely on the One who was being ashamed for us.
The feeling of shame has negative aspects as well as positive aspects. According to Karl Barth, human beings have been exposed in front of Jesus, with the result that they turn into the shameful beings. However, the joy in which they can boast in relation to Him is absolutely bound up with the humility in which they are necessarily ashamed in relation to Him. Here is the paradoxical power of shame. Also shame plays a central role in the strength of conscience. When pastoral counselors have the discretion-shame, or the moral shame shaped by conscience, they could be more mature pastoral counselors who can perform well the ministry of the care and nurture of the soul.

참고자료

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