韓 ․ 中 ․ 日 近世時期 度量衡制 比較 硏究 - 朝鮮前期․明․室町時期를 중심으로 - (A Comparative Study on System of Weights and Measures in Early Modern Korea, China and Japan)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 110호 / 417 ~ 453페이지
· 저자명 : 이종봉

초록

한중일 근세시기의 도량형제를 비교 검토하였는데, 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 근세의 척의 단위는 ‘分․寸․尺․丈’으로 동일함을 알 수 있고, 척의 종류는 유사한 측면도 있지만, 각국의 특성에 따라 조금 차이가 있었다. 조선전기의 척은 黃鐘尺을 기준하여 周尺(=量田尺), 布帛尺(=포의 수취), 造禮器尺(=의례용), 營造尺(=산성·건물의 축조) 등이 있었고, 明代는 營造尺․量地尺․栽衣尺 등이 사용되었고, 室町期는 曲尺과 함께 吳服尺 등이 존재하였다. 이처럼 척의 종류와 길이는 국가마다 달랐다.
둘째, 양기는 合(홉)․升(되)․斗(말)․石(섬) 등이 있었고, 조선전기의 석은 1석=15두(平石)와 1석=20두(全石)가 사용되었지만, 명대와 실정기는 1석 10두였다. 1승의 용적은 세종 28년에 제정된 斛․斗․升․合을 통해 약 0.6ℓ로 추정되고, 명대는 1승=약 1ℓ, 실정기는 약 1.44ℓ이지만 지역마다 다소 차이가 있었다.
셋째, 저울의 단위는 1斤=16兩이었다. 兩이하의 단위는 조선전기는 『경국대전』에 중국의 경우처럼 십진법이 운용되었다. 1근의 중량은 조선전기와 명대와 실정기가 비슷하였다.

영어초록

This paper deals with system of weights and measures in early modern Korean, China and Japan by the comparative method.
Firstly, Korean, China and Japan in early modern used the same units of the measurements such as ‘Pun, Chon, Cheok and Jang’(‘分․寸․尺․丈’). Although units and types of the measurements were similar, but they also varied slightly by each countries. The early Joseon dynasty set the ruler for musical instruments(黃鐘尺) as a standard and used the ruler of Zhou dynasty(周尺) as the land surveying ruler(量田尺), the fabric measuring ruler(布帛尺) for receiving fabrics as a tax, the ruler for the manufacture of ritual vessels(造禮器尺), and the woodworking ruler(營造尺) for the construction of mountain fortress and other structure, etc. In the Ming dynasty(明代), the rulers like the woodworking ruler(營造尺), the land surveying ruler(量地尺) and the tailor ruler(栽衣尺) came into use. In the Muromachi period(室町期), there were the carpentry ruler and the traditional clothing ruler(呉服尺), etc. The type and length of a Cheok(尺) varied by each countries.
Secondly, the measuring bowls included Hop, Seung, Du anc Suck(合, 升, 斗, 石). In the early Joseon dynasty, the volume of one Suck was 15 Du as the ordinary Suck(平石) and was also 20 Du as the perfect Suck(全石). On the other hand, the volume of one Suck in the Ming dynasty and the Muromachi period were 10 Suck.
The volume of one Seung is estimated at about 0.6ℓthrough standards of Gok, Du, Seung and Hop(斛․斗․升․合) established in the 28th year of the King Sejong. And the volume of one Seung was about 1ℓ in the Ming dynasty and was about 1.44ℓ in the Muromachi period, but varied a little by region.
Thirdly, one Geun(斤) as a scale unit was 16 Ryang(兩). According to Gyeongguk Daejeon(『經國大典』), the units less than Ryang in the early Joseon were used with decimal system like in the case of China. The weight of one Geun was similar in the early Joseon, Ming dynasty and the Muromachi period.

참고자료

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