영국 1세대 신좌파의 형성(1956-60) - 저널 창간을 중심으로 - (On the Making of the First New Left in Britain (1956-60))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 효원사학회
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· 저자명 : 원동필

초록

This article analyzes the birth of British New Left through the making of new left journals; New Reasoner(NR), University and Left Review(ULR) and New Left Review(NLR). The political milieu of the postwar period lay the seeds of the New Left. The Cold War resulting from international rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union destroyed the unity on the Left. The Labour renewed the commitment to socialism with a modified capitalism. It also initiated the development of nuclear weapons and sealed its adhesion to anti-communism. The British Communist Party fell back into useless obedience to Moscow.
In the dramatic events of 1956 those who had the perspectives of ‘New Left' saw the opportunity of rethinking the socialist politics which had been destroyed by the Cold War. If the suppression of Hungarian rising by Soviet force of arms brought the end of socialist innocence and introduced a profound crises within the international communism movement, the Anglro-French attack on Suez revealed the latent imperialism of the Western powers and questioned social democratic complacency about the character of the post-war capitalist society. Under the twin effect of these events, the New Left was born.
The actual process of the formation of the New Left began with the creation of important journal, ULR and NR. The former represented the independent socialists, the latter dissidents communist. NR, a quarterly subtitled ‘A journal of socialist humanism', was edited by John Saville and Edward Palmer Thompson who had resigned from British Communist Party membership. The two editor published The Reasoner, independent journal from the party press when they were the members of the party. They wanted to reform the party line which had been adhering the democratic centralism but failed. After resigning from the party membership, Saville and Thompson with other members who were ex-communists launched new journal. Criticising Stalinism and regenerating Marxism were set the keynotes of NR, whose editors and main contributors identified themselves as democratic communists and/or socialists humanism.
The group responsible for ULR were the Oxford university students who tended to have shallower roots in the labour movements. ULR was initiated in response to the political crises of 1956. ULR founders hoped to use the clamor over the Suez and Hungary as a point of departure for a wind-ranging projects whose central focus would be a journal. The young independents socialists not only published ULR but also wanted to make its presence felt in daily affairs. The two projects that were met this goal were the Partisan Coffeehouse and the ULR Club.
The inner circle of the New Left consisted of the ULR and NR groups, but it became a divers and informal political movements including participants of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament(CND), veterans of the unions and Labour lefts, counter cultural students and artists ,,, and so on. The first stage in constructing the New Left was the development of a close working relationship between the two journals. Arguably the most important reason for the two groups closer cooperation was their increasing involvement in the CND. The two groups regarded the disarmament movement as a sign that a new socialism might materialize at the end of the decade and saw a joint venture as a simultaneous means of solving the problems of both journals. NLR was launched at a celebration and rally attended by several hundred people at St. Pancaras Hall in London in December 1959. NLR was to renew the theory of socialism and introduce it to labour movements.

영어초록

This article analyzes the birth of British New Left through the making of new left journals; New Reasoner(NR), University and Left Review(ULR) and New Left Review(NLR). The political milieu of the postwar period lay the seeds of the New Left. The Cold War resulting from international rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union destroyed the unity on the Left. The Labour renewed the commitment to socialism with a modified capitalism. It also initiated the development of nuclear weapons and sealed its adhesion to anti-communism. The British Communist Party fell back into useless obedience to Moscow.
In the dramatic events of 1956 those who had the perspectives of ‘New Left' saw the opportunity of rethinking the socialist politics which had been destroyed by the Cold War. If the suppression of Hungarian rising by Soviet force of arms brought the end of socialist innocence and introduced a profound crises within the international communism movement, the Anglro-French attack on Suez revealed the latent imperialism of the Western powers and questioned social democratic complacency about the character of the post-war capitalist society. Under the twin effect of these events, the New Left was born.
The actual process of the formation of the New Left began with the creation of important journal, ULR and NR. The former represented the independent socialists, the latter dissidents communist. NR, a quarterly subtitled ‘A journal of socialist humanism', was edited by John Saville and Edward Palmer Thompson who had resigned from British Communist Party membership. The two editor published The Reasoner, independent journal from the party press when they were the members of the party. They wanted to reform the party line which had been adhering the democratic centralism but failed. After resigning from the party membership, Saville and Thompson with other members who were ex-communists launched new journal. Criticising Stalinism and regenerating Marxism were set the keynotes of NR, whose editors and main contributors identified themselves as democratic communists and/or socialists humanism.
The group responsible for ULR were the Oxford university students who tended to have shallower roots in the labour movements. ULR was initiated in response to the political crises of 1956. ULR founders hoped to use the clamor over the Suez and Hungary as a point of departure for a wind-ranging projects whose central focus would be a journal. The young independents socialists not only published ULR but also wanted to make its presence felt in daily affairs. The two projects that were met this goal were the Partisan Coffeehouse and the ULR Club.
The inner circle of the New Left consisted of the ULR and NR groups, but it became a divers and informal political movements including participants of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament(CND), veterans of the unions and Labour lefts, counter cultural students and artists ,,, and so on. The first stage in constructing the New Left was the development of a close working relationship between the two journals. Arguably the most important reason for the two groups closer cooperation was their increasing involvement in the CND. The two groups regarded the disarmament movement as a sign that a new socialism might materialize at the end of the decade and saw a joint venture as a simultaneous means of solving the problems of both journals. NLR was launched at a celebration and rally attended by several hundred people at St. Pancaras Hall in London in December 1959. NLR was to renew the theory of socialism and introduce it to labour movements.

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