現代漢語“差點兒VP”VP語義及句式語義特徵 (The Study on the VP Semantics and Sentence Semantic Features of "Chadianr VP" in Modern Chinese)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중국학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국학보 / 101호 / 113 ~ 134페이지
· 저자명 : Zheng Zhenmei

초록

本文以“差点儿VP”肯定形式与否定形式语义不对称的语言现象为出发点，从句法、语义、语用三个方面定量考察分析了北京大学CCL语料库中的“差点儿VP”句式。首先，根据“差点儿”和“VP”间出现的附加成分，进行了句法分类，分类为“差点儿+VP”，“差点儿+介词词组+VP”，“差点儿+范围副词+VP”，“差点儿+时间副词+VP”，“差点儿+否定副词（没）+VP”五种形式。其次，对这五种形式的VP语义积极类、消极类、中性类，自主、非自主的分布特征及句式语义做了考察。最后，比较了“差点儿+VP”和“差点儿+否定副词（没）+VP”语境语义表达区别。考察结果：
1. 表达“没有达成目标”对应的句式为“差点儿+介词词组+VP”，“差点儿+时间副词+VP”和“差点儿+VP”，VP有积极和非自主性的特征。
2. 表达“险些没有达成目标”对应的句式为 “差点儿+否定副词（没）+VP”，VP有积极和非自主性的特征。
3. 表达“险些发生而没有发生”五种形式都可表达，VP有消极和非自主性的特征。
4. 表达“没有发生”对应的句式为 “差点儿+介词词组+VP”，“差点儿+时间副词+VP”，“差点儿+VP”，“差点儿+否定副词（没）+VP”，VP有中性、自主性的特征。
5.“差点儿+VP”和“差点儿+否定副词（没）+VP”语境语义，VP是消极、非自主和中性、自主，不表达企望不企望。“差点儿+VP”，描述一个事态；“差点儿+否定副词（没）+VP”，描述一个事态的同时，强调主观感受语义。

영어초록

This article examines "Chadianr VP" sentence patterns in the CCL corpus of Peking University. Analyzes from three aspects: syntax, semantics and pragmatics. First, it is classified into five types: "Chadianr + VP", "Chadianr + prepositional phrase + VP", "Chadianr + adverb of range + VP", "Chadianr + time adverb + VP", and "Chadianr + negative adverb (mei) + VP" Form. Secondly, the distributive features and sentence semantics of these five forms of VP semantics are investigated: positive, negative, neutral, autonomous and non-autonomous. Finally, the difference of context semantic expression between "Chadianr + VP" and "Chadianr + negative adverb (mei) + VP" is compared. The inspection found that,
1. The sentence patterns corresponding to the expression "did not achieve the goal" are "Chadianr + prepositional phrase + VP", "Chadianr + adverb of time + VP" and "Chadianr + VP", VP is both active and involuntary.
2. The sentence pattern corresponding to the expression "almost failed to achieve the goal" is "Chadianr + negative adverb (mei) + VP", VP is both positive and involuntary.
3. There are five forms of sentences corresponding to the expression "nearly happened but did not happen", and VP is passive and involuntary.
4. The sentence patterns corresponding to the expression "did not happen" are "Chadianr + prepositional phrase + VP", "Chadianr + time adverb + VP", "Chadianr + VP", "Chadianr + negative adverb (mei) + VP" ”, VP are all neutral and autonomous.
5. VP is negative, involuntary and neutral, autonomous, "Chadianr + VP" and "Chadianr + negative adverb (mei) + VP" in the actual contexts are not expressions of hope and no hope, but describe a state of affairs , when describing a situation, "Chadianr + Negative Adverb (mei) + VP" is more subjective than "Chadianr + VP".

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