헝가리 시(詩)에 나타난 샤머니즘과 이교도적 요소를 통해 본 헝가리인의 정체성 (Hungarian Identity Seen in the Shamanistic and Pagan Elements of Hungarian Poetry)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국동서비교문학학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동서비교문학저널 / 38호 / 129 ~ 151페이지
· 저자명 : 유진일

초록

The purpose of this study is to find Hungarian identity in Hungarian poetry. The Hungarian identity attracts attention, because the Hungarian people moved from Asia and settled in Europe. The Hungarians differ from neighboring peoples in nation, race, language and culture. Studies have been made of the Hungarian identity in terms of history and oral literature. The present study examined how shamanistic and pagan motifs have been reflected in the poems the Hungarian people wrote after their acceptance of Christianity in Europe. First, it is the taltos motif that is most found in connection with shamanistic elements in Hungarian poetry. The taltos was in charge of religious rites before the Hungarians adopted Christianity. He connected humans with gods by invoking gods in a state of hallucination and exercising supernatural powers. József Attila’s Regősének is a representative poem that includes the taltos motif. Second, it is the vérszerződés motif that is representative among non-Christian ones in Hungarian poetry. The motif is shown, above all, by Reményik Sándor’s Vérszerződés. Third, the A csodaszarvas is also a pagan motif easily found in Hungarian poetry. The deer was a totem for the Hungarian nation before their settlement in Europe. The motif is seen, in particular, in Arany János’ Rege a csodaszarvasról and József Attila’s A csodaszarvas. Additionally, there are various non-Christian motifs in Hungarian poetry. Some people may question whether individual poems can the general identity of the Hungarians. Indeed, it is difficult to make an affirmative answer, but the individual poems seem to reveal the self-consciousness of the Hungarian people at least in that the poets using such motifs represent the Hungarian literature of each era and are still loved by the Hungarian public. In conclusion, the Hungarians do not forget their Asian identity despite 1000 years of life in Europe, as seen in the shamanistic and pagan elements in their poetry.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to find Hungarian identity in Hungarian poetry. The Hungarian identity attracts attention, because the Hungarian people moved from Asia and settled in Europe. The Hungarians differ from neighboring peoples in nation, race, language and culture. Studies have been made of the Hungarian identity in terms of history and oral literature. The present study examined how shamanistic and pagan motifs have been reflected in the poems the Hungarian people wrote after their acceptance of Christianity in Europe. First, it is the taltos motif that is most found in connection with shamanistic elements in Hungarian poetry. The taltos was in charge of religious rites before the Hungarians adopted Christianity. He connected humans with gods by invoking gods in a state of hallucination and exercising supernatural powers. József Attila’s Regősének is a representative poem that includes the taltos motif. Second, it is the vérszerződés motif that is representative among non-Christian ones in Hungarian poetry. The motif is shown, above all, by Reményik Sándor’s Vérszerződés. Third, the A csodaszarvas is also a pagan motif easily found in Hungarian poetry. The deer was a totem for the Hungarian nation before their settlement in Europe. The motif is seen, in particular, in Arany János’ Rege a csodaszarvasról and József Attila’s A csodaszarvas. Additionally, there are various non-Christian motifs in Hungarian poetry. Some people may question whether individual poems can the general identity of the Hungarians. Indeed, it is difficult to make an affirmative answer, but the individual poems seem to reveal the self-consciousness of the Hungarian people at least in that the poets using such motifs represent the Hungarian literature of each era and are still loved by the Hungarian public. In conclusion, the Hungarians do not forget their Asian identity despite 1000 years of life in Europe, as seen in the shamanistic and pagan elements in their poetry.

참고자료

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