고려인 시와 캐나다한인 시에 반영된 문화변용의 비교연구 - 형성기 작품을 중심으로 - (Comparative Study on Acculturation Reflected in Kareisky and Korean -Canadian Poetry -By centering on poetry of the period for formation-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국어국문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국어국문학 / 171호 / 535 ~ 572페이지
· 저자명 : 송명희

초록

구 소련의 고려인과 캐나다한인은 이주의 시기, 동기, 경험 등이 매우 상이하며, 거주국의 이주민 정책 또한 대조적이라는 점에서 디아스포라문학 연구에서 매우 흥미로운 비교 대상이 된다.
이 글은 고려인 문학과 캐나다한인 문학의 형성기 작품에 반영된 문화변용을 시를 중심으로 비교하고자 한다. 즉 고려인의 첫 번째 합동작품집인 『시월의 햇빛』(1971)에 수록된 1930년도 작품부터 1953년도까지의 시를 형성기 작품으로, 캐나다한인문학의 첫 번째 합동작품집인 『새울』(1977)부터 『캐나다문학』 9집(2000)까지에 발표된 시를 캐나다한인문학의 형성기 작품으로 파악하여 두 지역 한인문학에 반영된 문화변용의 태도를 비교하였다.
고려인들의 시에는 소련을 모국(조국)으로 생각하고 소련에서의 삶에 만족감을 표현하는 등 철저히 ‘동화’의 태도를 나타냈다. 반면 캐나다한인들은 캐나다가 이주민들의 문화적 다양성을 인정하며 사회통합을 이루도록 다문화주의 정책을 폈음에도 ‘고립’과 ‘주변화’의 태도를 나타냈다.
문화변용에서 강력한 동화주의 정책을 실시한 구 소련 고려인 시에서는 동화의 태도가, 다문화주의를 실시한 캐나다한인의 시에서는 고립과 주변화의 태도가 나타났다는 아이러니는 문학이란 텍스트 자체의 의미만으로 읽는다는 것이 불가능한 것임을 드러내준다. 즉 텍스트 외적 맥락 없이 문학을 텍스트 자체만의 의미로 읽을 때에 그것은 심각한 오독에 이를 수도 있다는 것을 두 나라의 디아스포라 문학에서 확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

In paper on diaspora literature, Kareisky of the Soviet Union and Korean- Canadian are very interesting comparison target as not only their immigration time, motives, experiences are so different in several terms, but also their residence policies for them and ideology are contrast.
This paper will focus on comparing acculturation shown in the period for formation of Kareisky and Korean-Canadian poetry. That is, it will compare acculturation reflected in Kareisky and Korean-Canadian literatures as formative period work. The first works of Kareisky collaboration From 1930s to 1953 works in Siwolui Haetbit(The Sunshine of October)(1971) with the first Korean-Canadian collaboration literature works from 『Sea-Wool』(1977) to 9th『Korean-Canadian literature』.
The acculturation of Berry means ethnic minority populations' changes of identity and culture in early process of acclimatization In the poetry of Kareisky, they think the Soviet Union as homeland without doubt even in the deportation time or show through attitude of assimilation by expressing satisfaction there. it means their through attitude of assimilation without conflicts between National identity as Soviet and ethnic identity as Kareisky from Joseon.
Joseon can't be seen in their poems. But if it appeared, Joseon was as pictured negative place that they suffered from feudal landlord's repression. The attitude to exclusion their culture of Joseon and equate habitation's culture paradoxically shows oppressive and urgent position of Kareisky for their survival because they should assimilate under strong policy and discriminative Immigration policy division.
However, emigrants from Joseon had fascination with Lenin's policy that emphasizes harmonious development for multiracial nation and self-etermination for minority race in Maritime Province period, and the attitude might influence visualization that they recognize the Soviet as motherland.
In other hand, Korean-Canadian presented huge stresses that new environment gave although they had left their country for better life. and identity that went through new social and reaction to culture conflicts expressed nostalgia for their home. although mainstream worked on policies for the multiculturalism that can acknowledge cultural diversites and promote social integration, Korean-Canadian cannot help feeling a sense of alienation and frustration due to white communities, especially language gap, differences of routines or customs, it makes them equate traditional culture but ignore mainstream culture as separation and marginality attitude.
In acculturation, In Kareisky poetry of the Soviet that implemented policy of assimilation, it shows assimilation attitude, and Korean-Canadian poetry adopted multiculturalism shows separation and marginality attitude. It means impossibility that literature can't be read just meaning of text itself. in other words, it could identify through diaspora literature of both countries, the readers maybe misread when we read the text without political phase.

참고자료

· 없음